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----
-title: const
-slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const
-tags:
- - константа
-translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const
----
-<div>{{jsSidebar("Statements")}}</div>
-
-<p><strong>Оголошення <code>const</code> </strong> створює посилання на значення, доступне лише для читання. Що <strong>не</strong> гарантує незмінність значення, на котре вказує посилання, а лише той факт, що не можна повторно присвоїти будь-яке значення змінній з відповідним ім'ям.</p>
-
-<h2 id="Синтаксис">Синтаксис</h2>
-
-<pre class="syntaxbox">const <em>назваКонстантноїЗмінної1 = <em>значення1 [</em>, назваКонстантноїЗмінної<em>2</em> = <em>значення2 [</em>, ... [</em>, <em>назваКонстантноїЗмінноїN</em> = <em><em>значення</em>N]]]</em>;</pre>
-
-<dl>
- <dt><code>значенняN</code></dt>
- <dd>Назва константи, будь-який прийнятний {{Glossary("identifier")}} (ідентифікатор).</dd>
- <dt><code>значенняN</code></dt>
- <dd>Значення константи; будь-яки дозволений вираз (<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Expressions">expression</a>).</dd>
-</dl>
-
-<h2 id="Description">Description</h2>
-
-<p>This declaration creates a constant that can be either global or local to the function in which it is declared. An initializer for a constant is required; that is, you must specify its value in the same statement in which it's declared (which makes sense, given that it can't be changed later).</p>
-
-<p>Constants are block-scoped, much like variables defined using the <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let">let</a></code> statement. The value of a constant cannot change through re-assignment, and it can't be redeclared.</p>
-
-<p>All the considerations about the "<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let#Temporal_dead_zone_and_errors_with_let">temporal dead zone</a>" that apply to <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let">let</a></code>, also apply to <code>const</code>.</p>
-
-<p>A constant cannot share its name with a function or a variable in the same scope.</p>
-
-<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>
-
-<p>The following example demonstrates how constants behave. Try this in your browser console.</p>
-
-<pre class="brush:js">// NOTE: Constants can be declared with uppercase or lowercase, but a common
-// convention is to use all-uppercase letters.
-
-// define MY_FAV as a constant and give it the value 7
-const MY_FAV = 7;
-
-// this will throw an error in Firefox and Chrome (but does not fail in Safari)
-MY_FAV = 20;
-
-// will print 7
-console.log("my favorite number is: " + MY_FAV);
-
-// trying to redeclare a constant throws an error
-const MY_FAV = 20;
-
-// the name MY_FAV is reserved for constant above, so this will also fail
-var MY_FAV = 20;
-
-// this throws an error also
-let MY_FAV = 20;
-
-// it's important to note the nature of block scoping
-if (MY_FAV === 7) {
- // this is fine and creates a block scoped MY_FAV variable
- // (works equally well with let to declare a block scoped non const variable)
- const MY_FAV = 20;
-
- // MY_FAV is now 20
- console.log("my favorite number is " + MY_FAV);
-
- // this gets hoisted into the global context and throws an error
- var MY_FAV = 20;
-}
-
-// MY_FAV is still 7
-console.log("my favorite number is " + MY_FAV);
-
-// Assigning to A const variable is a syntax error
-const A = 1; A = 2;
-
-// throws an error, missing initializer in const declaration
-const FOO;
-
-// const also works on objects
-const MY_OBJECT = {"key": "value"};
-
-// Overwriting the object behaves as above (throws an error in Firefox and Chrome but does not fail in Safari)
-MY_OBJECT = {"OTHER_KEY": "value"};
-
-// However, object keys are not protected,
-// so the following statement is executed without problem
-MY_OBJECT.key = "otherValue"; // Use Object.freeze() to make object immutable
-</pre>
-
-<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>
-
-<table class="standard-table">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th scope="col">Specification</th>
- <th scope="col">Status</th>
- <th scope="col">Comment</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-let-and-const-declarations', 'Let and Const Declarations')}}</td>
- <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
- <td>Initial definition.</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-let-and-const-declarations', 'Let and Const Declarations')}}</td>
- <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
- <td> </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-
-<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>
-
-<p>{{CompatibilityTable}}</p>
-
-<div id="compat-desktop">
-<table class="compat-table">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Feature</th>
- <th>Chrome</th>
- <th>Edge</th>
- <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
- <th>Internet Explorer</th>
- <th>Opera</th>
- <th>Safari</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>Basic support</td>
- <td>{{CompatChrome(21)}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop(36)}}</td>
- <td>11</td>
- <td>12</td>
- <td>5.1</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>Reassignment fails</td>
- <td>{{CompatChrome(20)}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop(13)}}</td>
- <td>11</td>
- <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>Allowed in sloppy mode</td>
- <td>{{CompatChrome(49.0)}}</td>
- <td> </td>
- <td> </td>
- <td> </td>
- <td> </td>
- <td> </td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<div id="compat-mobile">
-<table class="compat-table">
- <tbody>
- <tr>
- <th>Feature</th>
- <th>Android</th>
- <th>Android Webview</th>
- <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
- <th>IE Mobile</th>
- <th>Opera Mobile</th>
- <th>Safari Mobile</th>
- <th>Chrome for Android</th>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>Basic support</td>
- <td>{{CompatNo}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>Reassignment fails</td>
- <td>{{CompatNo}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
- </tr>
- <tr>
- <td>Allowed in sloppy mode</td>
- <td>{{CompatNo}}</td>
- <td>{{CompatChrome(49.0)}}</td>
- <td> </td>
- <td> </td>
- <td> </td>
- <td> </td>
- <td>{{CompatChrome(49.0)}}</td>
- </tr>
- </tbody>
-</table>
-</div>
-
-<h2 id="Compatibility_notes">Compatibility notes</h2>
-
-<p>In earlier versions of Firefox &amp; Chrome and as of Safari 5.1.7 and Opera 12.00, if you define a variable with <code>const</code>, you can still change its value later. It is not supported in Internet Explorer 6-10, but is included in Internet Explorer 11.</p>
-
-<h3 id="Firefox-specific_notes">Firefox-specific notes</h3>
-
-<p>The <code>const</code> declaration was implemented in Firefox long before <code>const</code> appeared in the ECMAScript 2015 (ES6) specification. For <code>const</code> ES6 compliance see {{bug(950547)}} and {{bug(611388)}}.</p>
-
-<ul>
- <li>Prior to SpiderMonkey 46 {{geckoRelease(46)}}, a {{jsxref("TypeError")}} was thrown on redeclaration instead of a {{jsxref("SyntaxError")}} ({{bug(1198833)}}).</li>
- <li>Starting with SpiderMonkey 36 {{geckoRelease("36")}}:
- <ul>
- <li><code>{const a=1};a</code> now throws a <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/ReferenceError" title="The ReferenceError object represents an error when a non-existent variable is referenced."><code>ReferenceError</code></a> and does not return <code>1</code> anymore due to block-scoping.</li>
- <li><code>const a;</code> now throws a <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/SyntaxError" title="The SyntaxError object represents an error when trying to interpret syntactically invalid code."><code>SyntaxError</code></a> ("missing = in const declaration<code>"</code>): An initializer is required.</li>
- <li><code>const a = 1; a = 2;</code> now also throws a <a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/SyntaxError" title="The SyntaxError object represents an error when trying to interpret syntactically invalid code."><code>SyntaxError</code></a> ("invalid assignment to const a").</li>
- </ul>
- </li>
-</ul>
-
-<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>
-
-<ul>
- <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var"><code>var</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let"><code>let</code></a></li>
- <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Values,_variables,_and_literals#Constants">Constants in the JavaScript Guide</a></li>
-</ul>