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diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/api/canvas_api/tutorial/compositing/example/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/api/canvas_api/tutorial/compositing/example/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..934fa4e2f9 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/zh-cn/web/api/canvas_api/tutorial/compositing/example/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,295 @@ +--- +title: Compositing 示例 +slug: Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Compositing/Example +tags: + - Canvas + - Example + - Graphics + - HTML + - HTML5 + - Tutorial +translation_of: Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Compositing/Example +--- +<div>{{CanvasSidebar}}</div> + +<p>这个案例程序演示了一些<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalCompositeOperation">图像合成操作</a>,其结果如下所示:</p> + +<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("合成示例", "100%", 7250)}}</p> + +<h2 id="合成示例">合成示例</h2> + +<p>下面的代码定义了一些全局变量,可用于程序的其他部分。</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">var canvas1 = document.createElement("canvas"); +var canvas2 = document.createElement("canvas"); +var gco = [ 'source-over','source-in','source-out','source-atop', + 'destination-over','destination-in','destination-out','destination-atop', + 'lighter', 'copy','xor', 'multiply', 'screen', 'overlay', 'darken', + 'lighten', 'color-dodge', 'color-burn', 'hard-light', 'soft-light', + 'difference', 'exclusion', 'hue', 'saturation', 'color', 'luminosity' + ].reverse(); +var gcoText = [ +'这是默认设置,并在现有画布上下文之上绘制新图形。', +'新图形只在新图形和目标画布重叠的地方绘制。其他的都是透明的。', +'在不与现有画布内容重叠的地方绘制新图形。', +'新图形只在与现有画布内容重叠的地方绘制。', +'在现有的画布内容后面绘制新的图形。', +'现有的画布内容保持在新图形和现有画布内容重叠的位置。其他的都是透明的。', +'现有内容保持在新图形不重叠的地方。', +'现有的画布只保留与新图形重叠的部分,新的图形是在画布内容后面绘制的。', +'两个重叠图形的颜色是通过颜色值相加来确定的。', +'只显示新图形。', +'图像中,那些重叠和正常绘制之外的其他地方是透明的。', +'将顶层像素与底层相应像素相乘,结果是一幅更黑暗的图片。', +'像素被倒转,相乘,再倒转,结果是一幅更明亮的图片。', +'multiply和screen的结合,原本暗的地方更暗,原本亮的地方更亮。', +'保留两个图层中最暗的像素。', +'保留两个图层中最亮的像素。', +'将底层除以顶层的反置。', +'将反置的底层除以顶层,然后将结果反过来。', +'屏幕相乘(A combination of multiply and screen)类似于叠加,但上下图层互换了。', +'用顶层减去底层或者相反来得到一个正值。', +'一个柔和版本的强光(hard-light)。纯黑或纯白不会导致纯黑或纯白。', +'和difference相似,但对比度较低。', +'保留了底层的亮度(luma)和色度(chroma),同时采用了顶层的色调(hue)。', +'保留底层的亮度(luma)和色调(hue),同时采用顶层的色度(chroma)。', +'保留了底层的亮度(luma),同时采用了顶层的色调(hue)和色度(chroma)。', +'保持底层的色调(hue)和色度(chroma),同时采用顶层的亮度(luma)。' + ].reverse(); +var width = 320; +var height = 340; +</pre> + +<h3 id="主程序">主程序</h3> + +<p>当页面加载时,这部分程序会运行,并执行示例代码:</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">window.onload = function() { + // lum in sRGB + var lum = { + r: 0.33, + g: 0.33, + b: 0.33 + }; + // resize canvas + canvas1.width = width; + canvas1.height = height; + canvas2.width = width; + canvas2.height = height; + lightMix() + colorSphere(); + runComposite(); + return; +}; +</pre> + +<p>这部分代码,,<code>runComposite()</code>,处理了大部分的工作,但需要依赖于许多效用函数来完成复杂的处理工作。</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">function createCanvas() { + var canvas = document.createElement("canvas"); + canvas.style.background = "url("+op_8x8.data+")"; + canvas.style.border = "1px solid #000"; + canvas.style.margin = "5px"; + canvas.width = width/2; + canvas.height = height/2; + return canvas; +} + +function runComposite() { + var dl = document.createElement("dl"); + document.body.appendChild(dl); + while(gco.length) { + var pop = gco.pop(); + var dt = document.createElement("dt"); + dt.textContent = pop; + dl.appendChild(dt); + var dd = document.createElement("dd"); + var p = document.createElement("p"); + p.textContent = gcoText.pop(); + dd.appendChild(p); + + var canvasToDrawOn = createCanvas(); + var canvasToDrawFrom = createCanvas(); + var canvasToDrawResult = createCanvas(); + + var ctx = canvasToDrawResult.getContext('2d'); + ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height) + ctx.save(); + ctx.drawImage(canvas1, 0, 0, width/2, height/2); + ctx.globalCompositeOperation = pop; + ctx.drawImage(canvas2, 0, 0, width/2, height/2); + ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over"; + ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,0.8)"; + ctx.fillRect(0, height/2 - 20, width/2, 20); + ctx.fillStyle = "#FFF"; + ctx.font = "14px arial"; + ctx.fillText(pop, 5, height/2 - 5); + ctx.restore(); + + var ctx = canvasToDrawOn.getContext('2d'); + ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height) + ctx.save(); + ctx.drawImage(canvas1, 0, 0, width/2, height/2); + ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,0.8)"; + ctx.fillRect(0, height/2 - 20, width/2, 20); + ctx.fillStyle = "#FFF"; + ctx.font = "14px arial"; + ctx.fillText('existing content', 5, height/2 - 5); + ctx.restore(); + + var ctx = canvasToDrawFrom.getContext('2d'); + ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height) + ctx.save(); + ctx.drawImage(canvas2, 0, 0, width/2, height/2); + ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,0.8)"; + ctx.fillRect(0, height/2 - 20, width/2, 20); + ctx.fillStyle = "#FFF"; + ctx.font = "14px arial"; + ctx.fillText('new content', 5, height/2 - 5); + ctx.restore(); + + dd.appendChild(canvasToDrawOn); + dd.appendChild(canvasToDrawFrom); + dd.appendChild(canvasToDrawResult); + + dl.appendChild(dd); + } +}; +</pre> + +<h3 id="效用函数(Utility_functions)">效用函数(Utility functions)</h3> + +<p>程序需要依赖许多效用函数。</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">var lightMix = function() { + var ctx = canvas2.getContext("2d"); + ctx.save(); + ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "lighter"; + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(255,0,0,1)"; + ctx.arc(100, 200, 100, Math.PI*2, 0, false); + ctx.fill() + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,255,1)"; + ctx.arc(220, 200, 100, Math.PI*2, 0, false); + ctx.fill() + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,255,0,1)"; + ctx.arc(160, 100, 100, Math.PI*2, 0, false); + ctx.fill(); + ctx.restore(); + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.fillStyle = "#f00"; + ctx.fillRect(0,0,30,30) + ctx.fill(); +}; +</pre> + +<pre class="brush: js">var colorSphere = function(element) { + var ctx = canvas1.getContext("2d"); + var width = 360; + var halfWidth = width / 2; + var rotate = (1 / 360) * Math.PI * 2; // per degree + var offset = 0; // scrollbar offset + var oleft = -20; + var otop = -20; + for (var n = 0; n <= 359; n ++) { + var gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(oleft + halfWidth, otop, oleft + halfWidth, otop + halfWidth); + var color = Color.HSV_RGB({ H: (n + 300) % 360, S: 100, V: 100 }); + gradient.addColorStop(0, "rgba(0,0,0,0)"); + gradient.addColorStop(0.7, "rgba("+color.R+","+color.G+","+color.B+",1)"); + gradient.addColorStop(1, "rgba(255,255,255,1)"); + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.moveTo(oleft + halfWidth, otop); + ctx.lineTo(oleft + halfWidth, otop + halfWidth); + ctx.lineTo(oleft + halfWidth + 6, otop); + ctx.fillStyle = gradient; + ctx.fill(); + ctx.translate(oleft + halfWidth, otop + halfWidth); + ctx.rotate(rotate); + ctx.translate(-(oleft + halfWidth), -(otop + halfWidth)); + } + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.fillStyle = "#00f"; + ctx.fillRect(15,15,30,30) + ctx.fill(); + return ctx.canvas; +}; +</pre> + +<pre class="brush: js">// HSV (1978) = H: Hue / S: Saturation / V: Value +Color = {}; +Color.HSV_RGB = function (o) { + var H = o.H / 360, + S = o.S / 100, + V = o.V / 100, + R, G, B; + var A, B, C, D; + if (S == 0) { + R = G = B = Math.round(V * 255); + } else { + if (H >= 1) H = 0; + H = 6 * H; + D = H - Math.floor(H); + A = Math.round(255 * V * (1 - S)); + B = Math.round(255 * V * (1 - (S * D))); + C = Math.round(255 * V * (1 - (S * (1 - D)))); + V = Math.round(255 * V); + switch (Math.floor(H)) { + case 0: + R = V; + G = C; + B = A; + break; + case 1: + R = B; + G = V; + B = A; + break; + case 2: + R = A; + G = V; + B = C; + break; + case 3: + R = A; + G = B; + B = V; + break; + case 4: + R = C; + G = A; + B = V; + break; + case 5: + R = V; + G = A; + B = B; + break; + } + } + return { + R: R, + G: G, + B: B + }; +}; + +var createInterlace = function (size, color1, color2) { + var proto = document.createElement("canvas").getContext("2d"); + proto.canvas.width = size * 2; + proto.canvas.height = size * 2; + proto.fillStyle = color1; // top-left + proto.fillRect(0, 0, size, size); + proto.fillStyle = color2; // top-right + proto.fillRect(size, 0, size, size); + proto.fillStyle = color2; // bottom-left + proto.fillRect(0, size, size, size); + proto.fillStyle = color1; // bottom-right + proto.fillRect(size, size, size, size); + var pattern = proto.createPattern(proto.canvas, "repeat"); + pattern.data = proto.canvas.toDataURL(); + return pattern; +}; + +var op_8x8 = createInterlace(8, "#FFF", "#eee");</pre> diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/api/canvas_api/tutorial/compositing/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/api/canvas_api/tutorial/compositing/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..941b04593e --- /dev/null +++ b/files/zh-cn/web/api/canvas_api/tutorial/compositing/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,112 @@ +--- +title: 组合 Compositing +slug: Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Compositing +tags: + - Canvas + - Graphics + - HTML + - HTML5 + - Intermediate + - Totorial +translation_of: Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Compositing +--- +<div>{{CanvasSidebar}} {{PreviousNext("Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Transformations", "Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Basic_animations")}}</div> + +<div class="summary"> +<p>在<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Transformations">之前的例子</a>里面,我们总是将一个图形画在另一个之上,对于其他更多的情况,仅仅这样是远远不够的。比如,对合成的图形来说,绘制顺序会有限制。不过,我们可以利用 <code>globalCompositeOperation</code> 属性来改变这种状况。此外, <code>clip</code>属性允许我们隐藏不想看到的部分图形。</p> +</div> + +<h2 id="globalCompositeOperation" name="globalCompositeOperation"><code>globalCompositeOperation</code></h2> + +<p>我们不仅可以在已有图形后面再画新图形,还可以用来遮盖指定区域,清除画布中的某些部分(清除区域不仅限于矩形,像{{domxref("CanvasRenderingContext2D.clearRect", "clearRect()")}}方法做的那样)以及更多其他操作。</p> + +<dl> + <dt>{{domxref("CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalCompositeOperation", "globalCompositeOperation = type")}}</dt> + <dd>这个属性设定了在画新图形时采用的遮盖策略,其值是一个标识12种遮盖方式的字符串。</dd> +</dl> + +<p>查看下面<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Compositing/Example">Compositing 示例</a>的代码。</p> + +<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("合成示例", 750, 6750, "" ,"Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Compositing/Example")}}</p> + +<h2 id="Clipping_paths" name="Clipping_paths">裁切路径</h2> + +<p><img alt="" class="internal" src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/209/Canvas_clipping_path.png" style="float: right;">裁切路径和普通的 canvas 图形差不多,不同的是它的作用是遮罩,用来隐藏不需要的部分。如右图所示。红边五角星就是裁切路径,所有在路径以外的部分都不会在 canvas 上绘制出来。</p> + +<p>如果和上面介绍的 <code>globalCompositeOperation</code> 属性作一比较,它可以实现与 <code>source-in</code> 和 <code>source-atop</code>差不多的效果。最重要的区别是裁切路径不会在 canvas 上绘制东西,而且它永远不受新图形的影响。这些特性使得它在特定区域里绘制图形时相当好用。</p> + +<p>在 <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Drawing_shapes" title="Web/Guide/HTML/Canvas_tutorial/Drawing_shapes#Drawing_paths">绘制图形</a> 一章中,我只介绍了 <code>stroke</code> 和 <code>fill</code> 方法,这里介绍第三个方法<code>clip</code>。</p> + +<dl> + <dt>{{domxref("CanvasRenderingContext2D.clip", "clip()")}}</dt> + <dd>将当前正在构建的路径转换为当前的裁剪路径。</dd> +</dl> + +<p>我们使用 <code>clip()</code>方法来创建一个新的裁切路径。</p> + +<p>默认情况下,canvas 有一个与它自身一样大的裁切路径(也就是没有裁切效果)。</p> + +<h3 id="A_clip_example" name="A_clip_example"><code>clip</code> 的例子</h3> + +<p>这个例子,我会用一个圆形的裁切路径来限制随机星星的绘制区域。</p> + +<pre class="brush: js;highlight[9]">function draw() { + var ctx = document.getElementById('canvas').getContext('2d'); + ctx.fillRect(0,0,150,150); + ctx.translate(75,75); + + // Create a circular clipping path + ctx.beginPath(); + ctx.arc(0,0,60,0,Math.PI*2,true); + ctx.clip(); + + // draw background + var lingrad = ctx.createLinearGradient(0,-75,0,75); + lingrad.addColorStop(0, '#232256'); + lingrad.addColorStop(1, '#143778'); + + ctx.fillStyle = lingrad; + ctx.fillRect(-75,-75,150,150); + + // draw stars + for (var j=1;j<50;j++){ + ctx.save(); + ctx.fillStyle = '#fff'; + ctx.translate(75-Math.floor(Math.random()*150), + 75-Math.floor(Math.random()*150)); + drawStar(ctx,Math.floor(Math.random()*4)+2); + ctx.restore(); + } + +} +function drawStar(ctx,r){ + ctx.save(); + ctx.beginPath() + ctx.moveTo(r,0); + for (var i=0;i<9;i++){ + ctx.rotate(Math.PI/5); + if(i%2 == 0) { + ctx.lineTo((r/0.525731)*0.200811,0); + } else { + ctx.lineTo(r,0); + } + } + ctx.closePath(); + ctx.fill(); + ctx.restore(); +} +</pre> + +<div class="hidden"> +<pre class="brush: html"><canvas id="canvas" width="150" height="150"></canvas></pre> + +<pre class="brush: js">draw();</pre> +</div> + +<p>首先,我画了一个与 canvas 一样大小的黑色方形作为背景,然后移动原点至中心点。然后用 <code>clip</code> 方法创建一个弧形的裁切路径。裁切路径也属于 canvas 状态的一部分,可以被保存起来。如果我们在创建新裁切路径时想保留原来的裁切路径,我们需要做的就是保存一下 canvas 的状态。</p> + +<p>裁切路径创建之后所有出现在它里面的东西才会画出来。在画线性渐变时我们就会注意到这点。然后会绘制出50 颗随机位置分布(经过缩放)的星星,当然也只有在裁切路径里面的星星才会绘制出来。</p> + +<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("A_clip_example", "180", "180", "https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/208/Canvas_clip.png")}}</p> + +<p>{{PreviousNext("Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Transformations", "Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Basic_animations")}}</p> |