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+---
+title: Authorization
+slug: Web/HTTP/Headers/Authorization
+translation_of: Web/HTTP/Headers/Authorization
+---
+<div>{{HTTPSidebar}}</div>
+
+<p>HTTP协议中的 <strong><code>Authorization</code></strong> 请求消息头含有服务器用于验证用户代理身份的凭证,通常会在服务器返回{{HTTPStatus("401")}} <code>Unauthorized</code> 状态码以及{{HTTPHeader("WWW-Authenticate")}} 消息头之后在后续请求中发送此消息头。</p>
+
+<table class="properties">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="row">Header type</th>
+ <td>{{Glossary("Request header")}}</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="row">{{Glossary("Forbidden header name")}}</th>
+ <td>no</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox">Authorization: &lt;type&gt; &lt;credentials&gt;</pre>
+
+<h2 id="指令">指令</h2>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt>&lt;type&gt;</dt>
+ <dd><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication#Authentication_schemes">验证类型</a>。 常见的是 <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication#Basic_authentication_scheme">"基本验证(Basic)"</a> 。其他类型包括:
+ <ul>
+ <li><a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-authschemes/http-authschemes.xhtml">在IANA机构注册的验证方案</a></li>
+ <li><a href="http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/sigv4-auth-using-authorization-header.html">AWS服务器的验证方案 (<code>AWS4-HMAC-SHA256</code>)</a></li>
+ </ul>
+ </dd>
+ <dt>&lt;credentials&gt;</dt>
+ <dd>如果使用“基本验证”方案,凭证通过如下步骤生成:
+ <ul>
+ <li>用冒号将用户名和密码进行拼接(如:aladdin:opensesame)。</li>
+ <li>将第一步生成的结果用 <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WindowBase64/Base64_encoding_and_decoding">base64</a> 方式编码(YWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuc2VzYW1l)。</li>
+ </ul>
+
+ <div class="note">
+ <p><strong>注意</strong>: Base64编码并不是一种加密方法或者hashing方法!这种方法的安全性与明文发送等同(base64可以逆向解码)。“基本验证”方案需要与HTTPS协议配合使用。</p>
+ </div>
+ </dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
+
+<pre>Authorization: Basic YWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuc2VzYW1l
+</pre>
+
+<p>请参考<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication"> HTTP authentication</a> 来获取在Apache或nginx中使用HTTP基本验证方案加密保护站点的配置示例。</p>
+
+<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+ <th scope="col">Title</th>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{RFC("7235", "Authorization", "4.2")}}</td>
+ <td>HTTP/1.1: Authentication</td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{RFC("7617")}}</td>
+ <td>The 'Basic' HTTP Authentication Scheme</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Authentication">HTTP authentication</a></li>
+ <li>{{HTTPHeader("WWW-Authenticate")}}</li>
+ <li>{{HTTPHeader("Proxy-Authorization")}}</li>
+ <li>{{HTTPHeader("Proxy-Authenticate")}}</li>
+ <li>{{HTTPStatus("401")}}, {{HTTPStatus("403")}}, {{HTTPStatus("407")}}</li>
+</ul>
+
+<p>[ ... ]也可以看看<textarea></textarea>参见<br>
+ 参看</p>