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+---
+title: String.prototype.substring()
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/substring
+tags:
+  - String.prototype.substring()
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/substring
+---
+<p>{{JSRef}}</p>
+
+<p><strong><code>substring() </code></strong>方法返回一个字符串在开始索引到结束索引之间的一个子集, 或从开始索引直到字符串的末尾的一个子集。</p>
+
+<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox notranslate"><code><var>str</var>.substring(<var>indexStart</var>[, <var>indexEnd</var>])</code></pre>
+
+<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">参数</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code>indexStart</code></dt>
+ <dd>需要截取的第一个字符的索引，该索引位置的字符作为返回的字符串的首字母。</dd>
+ <dt><code>indexEnd</code></dt>
+ <dd>可选。一个 0 到字符串长度之间的整数，以该数字为索引的字符不包含在截取的字符串内。</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h3 id="返回值">返回值</h3>
+
+<p>包含给定字符串的指定部分的新字符串。</p>
+
+<h2 id="Description" name="Description">描述</h2>
+
+<p><code>substring</code> 提取从 <code>indexStart</code> 到 <code>indexEnd</code>（不包括）之间的字符。特别地：</p>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>如果 <code>indexStart</code> 等于 <code>indexEnd</code>，<code>substring</code> 返回一个空字符串。</li>
+ <li>如果省略 <code>indexEnd</code>，<code>substring</code> 提取字符一直到字符串末尾。</li>
+ <li>如果任一参数小于 0 或为 {{jsxref("NaN")}}，则被当作 0。</li>
+ <li>如果任一参数大于 <code>stringName.length</code>，则被当作 <code>stringName.length</code>。</li>
+ <li>如果 <code>indexStart</code> 大于 <code>indexEnd</code>，则 <code>substring</code> 的执行效果就像两个参数调换了一样。见下面的例子。</li>
+</ul>
+
+<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">示例</h2>
+
+<h3 id="Example_Using_substring" name="Example:_Using_substring">例子：使用 <code>substring</code></h3>
+
+<p>下例使用 <code>substring</code> 输出字符串 "<code>Mozilla</code>" 中的字符：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush:js notranslate">var anyString = "Mozilla";
+
+// 输出 "Moz"
+console.log(anyString.substring(0,3));
+console.log(anyString.substring(3,0));
+console.log(anyString.substring(3,-3));
+console.log(anyString.substring(3,NaN));
+console.log(anyString.substring(-2,3));
+console.log(anyString.substring(NaN,3));
+
+// 输出 "lla"
+console.log(anyString.substring(4,7));
+console.log(anyString.substring(7,4));
+
+// 输出 ""
+console.log(anyString.substring(4,4));
+
+// 输出 "Mozill"
+console.log(anyString.substring(0,6));
+
+// 输出 "Mozilla"
+console.log(anyString.substring(0,7));
+console.log(anyString.substring(0,10));
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="运用_length_属性来使用_substring"><strong>运用 length 属性来使用 substring()</strong></h3>
+
+<p>下面一个例子运用了    String.length 属性去获取指定字符串的倒数元素。显然这个办法更容易记住，因为你不再像上面那个例子那样去记住起始位置和最终位置。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js notranslate"><code>// Displays 'illa' the last 4 characters
+var anyString = 'Mozilla';
+var anyString4 = anyString.substring(anyString.length - 4);
+console.log(anyString4);</code>
+
+// Displays 'zilla' the last 5 characters
+var anyString = 'Mozilla';
+var anyString5 = anyString.substring(anyString.length - 5);
+console.log(anyString5);</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Example_Replacing_a_substring_within_a_string" name="Example:_Replacing_a_substring_within_a_string">例子：替换一个字符串的子字符串</h3>
+
+<p>下例替换了一个字符串中的子字符串。可以替换单个字符和子字符串。该例结尾调用的函数将 "<code>Brave New World</code>" 变成了 "<code>Brave New Web</code>"。</p>
+
+<pre class="brush:js notranslate">function replaceString(oldS, newS, fullS) {
+// Replaces oldS with newS in the string fullS
+  for (var i = 0; i &lt; fullS.length; i++) {
+    if (fullS.substring(i, i + oldS.length) == oldS) {
+     fullS = fullS.substring(0, i) + newS + fullS.substring(i + oldS.length, fullS.length);
+    }
+  }
+  return fullS;
+}
+
+replaceString("World", "Web", "Brave New World");</pre>
+
+<p>需要注意的是，如果 <code>oldS</code> 是 <code>newS</code> 的子字符串将会导致死循环。例如，尝试把 "Web" 替换成 "OtherWorld"。一个更好的方法如下：</p>
+
+<pre class="brush:js notranslate">function replaceString(oldS, newS,fullS){
+  return fullS.split(oldS).join(newS);
+}</pre>
+
+<p><span style="line-height: 1.5;">上面的代码只是子字符串操作的一个例子。如果你需要替换子字符串，更多时候会用到 </span><span style="line-height: 1.5em;">{{jsxref("String.prototype.replace()")}}。</span></p>
+
+<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+   <th scope="col">Status</th>
+   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>ECMAScript 1st Edition.</td>
+   <td>Standard</td>
+   <td>Implemented in JavaScript 1.0</td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.5.4.15', 'String.prototype.substring')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-string.prototype.substring', 'String.prototype.substring')}}</td>
+   <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
+   <td></td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+
+<p>{{ CompatibilityTable() }}</p>
+
+<div id="compat-desktop">
+<table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th>Feature</th>
+   <th>Chrome</th>
+   <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
+   <th>Internet Explorer</th>
+   <th>Opera</th>
+   <th>Safari</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>Basic support</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<div id="compat-mobile">
+<table class="compat-table">
+ <tbody>
+  <tr>
+   <th>Feature</th>
+   <th>Android</th>
+   <th>Chrome for Android</th>
+   <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
+   <th>IE Mobile</th>
+   <th>Opera Mobile</th>
+   <th>Safari Mobile</th>
+  </tr>
+  <tr>
+   <td>Basic support</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+   <td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
+  </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+</div>
+
+<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">相关链接</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.substr()")}}</li>
+ <li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.slice()")}}</li>
+</ul>