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+---
+title: 条件运算符
+slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Conditional_Operator
+tags:
+ - JavaScript
+ - Operator
+translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Conditional_Operator
+---
+<div>{{jsSidebar("Operators")}}</div>
+
+<p><strong>条件(三元)运算符</strong>是 JavaScript 仅有的使用三个操作数的运算符。一个条件后面会跟一个问号(?),如果条件为 {{Glossary("truthy")}} ,则问号后面的表达式A将会执行;表达式A后面跟着一个冒号(:),如果条件为 {{Glossary("falsy")}} ,则冒号后面的表达式B将会执行。本运算符经常作为 <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else">if</a></code> 语句的简捷形式来使用。</p>
+
+<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/expressions-conditionaloperators.html")}}</div>
+
+
+
+<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox"><em>condition</em> ? <em>exprIfTrue</em> : <em>exprIfFalse</em></pre>
+
+<h3 id="参数">参数</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><code><var>condition</var></code></dt>
+ <dd>计算结果用作条件的表达式</dd>
+ <dt><code><var>exprIfTrue</var></code></dt>
+ <dd>如果表达式 <code><var>condition</var></code> 的计算结果是 {{Glossary("truthy")}}(它和 <code>true</code> 相等或者可以转换成 <code>true</code> ),那么表达式 <code><var>exprIfTrue</var></code> 将会被求值。</dd>
+ <dt><code><var>exprIfFalse</var></code></dt>
+ <dd>如果表达式 <code><var>condition</var></code> 的计算结果是 {{Glossary("falsy")}}(它可以转换成 <code>false</code> ),那么表达式 <code><var>exprIfFalse</var></code> 将会被执行。</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>
+
+<p>除了 <code>false</code>,可能的假值表达式还有:<code>null</code> 、<code>NaN</code> 、
+ <code>0</code> 、空字符串( <code>""</code> )、和 <code>undefined</code> 。如果 <code><var>condition</var></code> 是以上中的任何一个, 那么条件表达式的结果就是 <code>exprIfFalse</code> 表达式执行的结果。</p>
+
+<p>一个简单的例子:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">var age = 26;
+var beverage = (age &gt;= 21) ? "Beer" : "Juice";
+console.log(beverage); // "Beer"
+</pre>
+
+<p>一个常见的用法是处理可能为 <code>null</code> 的值:</p>
+
+<pre class="brush: js">function greeting(person) {
+ var name = person ? person.name : "stranger";
+ return "Howdy, " + name;
+}
+
+console.log(greeting({name: 'Alice'})); // "Howdy, Alice"
+console.log(greeting(null)); // "Howdy, stranger"
+</pre>
+
+<div class="blockIndicator note">
+<p><strong>Note:</strong> <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Optional_chaining">The optional chaining operator</a> 设计用来处理这种使用场景。在本文档写成的时候 (2019.01),这个运算符还处于实验阶段并且没有实现。</p>
+</div>
+
+<h3 id="条件链">条件链</h3>
+
+<p>这个三元操作符是右结合的,也就是说你可以像这样把它链接起来, 和 <code>if … else if … else if … else</code> 链类似:</p>
+<pre class="brush: js">function example(…) {
+ return condition1 ? value1
+ : condition2 ? value2
+ : condition3 ? value3
+ : value4;
+}
+
+// Equivalent to:
+
+function example(…) {
+ if (condition1) { return value1; }
+ else if (condition2) { return value2; }
+ else if (condition3) { return value3; }
+ else { return value4; }
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <thead>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+ <th scope="col">Status</th>
+ <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+ </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-conditional-operator', 'Conditional Operator')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-conditional-operator', 'Conditional Operator')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-11.12', 'The conditional operator')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
+ <td></td>
+ </tr>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName('ES1', '#sec-11.12', 'The conditional operator')}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2('ES1')}}</td>
+ <td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.0.</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
+
+<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>
+
+<p>{{Compat("javascript.operators.conditional")}}</p>
+
+<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else">if statement</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Optional_chaining">Optional chaining</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li>
+ <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators">Expressions and operators</a></li>
+</ul>