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diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/operators/conditional_operator/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/operators/conditional_operator/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..179496d7e3 --- /dev/null +++ b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/operators/conditional_operator/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +--- +title: 条件运算符 +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Conditional_Operator +tags: + - JavaScript + - Operator +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Conditional_Operator +--- +<div>{{jsSidebar("Operators")}}</div> + +<p><strong>条件(三元)运算符</strong>是 JavaScript 仅有的使用三个操作数的运算符。一个条件后面会跟一个问号(?),如果条件为 {{Glossary("truthy")}} ,则问号后面的表达式A将会执行;表达式A后面跟着一个冒号(:),如果条件为 {{Glossary("falsy")}} ,则冒号后面的表达式B将会执行。本运算符经常作为 <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else">if</a></code> 语句的简捷形式来使用。</p> + +<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/expressions-conditionaloperators.html")}}</div> + + + +<h2 id="语法">语法</h2> + +<pre class="syntaxbox"><em>condition</em> ? <em>exprIfTrue</em> : <em>exprIfFalse</em></pre> + +<h3 id="参数">参数</h3> + +<dl> + <dt><code><var>condition</var></code></dt> + <dd>计算结果用作条件的表达式</dd> + <dt><code><var>exprIfTrue</var></code></dt> + <dd>如果表达式 <code><var>condition</var></code> 的计算结果是 {{Glossary("truthy")}}(它和 <code>true</code> 相等或者可以转换成 <code>true</code> ),那么表达式 <code><var>exprIfTrue</var></code> 将会被求值。</dd> + <dt><code><var>exprIfFalse</var></code></dt> + <dd>如果表达式 <code><var>condition</var></code> 的计算结果是 {{Glossary("falsy")}}(它可以转换成 <code>false</code> ),那么表达式 <code><var>exprIfFalse</var></code> 将会被执行。</dd> +</dl> + +<h2 id="描述">描述</h2> + +<p>除了 <code>false</code>,可能的假值表达式还有:<code>null</code> 、<code>NaN</code> 、 + <code>0</code> 、空字符串( <code>""</code> )、和 <code>undefined</code> 。如果 <code><var>condition</var></code> 是以上中的任何一个, 那么条件表达式的结果就是 <code>exprIfFalse</code> 表达式执行的结果。</p> + +<p>一个简单的例子:</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">var age = 26; +var beverage = (age >= 21) ? "Beer" : "Juice"; +console.log(beverage); // "Beer" +</pre> + +<p>一个常见的用法是处理可能为 <code>null</code> 的值:</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">function greeting(person) { + var name = person ? person.name : "stranger"; + return "Howdy, " + name; +} + +console.log(greeting({name: 'Alice'})); // "Howdy, Alice" +console.log(greeting(null)); // "Howdy, stranger" +</pre> + +<div class="blockIndicator note"> +<p><strong>Note:</strong> <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Optional_chaining">The optional chaining operator</a> 设计用来处理这种使用场景。在本文档写成的时候 (2019.01),这个运算符还处于实验阶段并且没有实现。</p> +</div> + +<h3 id="条件链">条件链</h3> + +<p>这个三元操作符是右结合的,也就是说你可以像这样把它链接起来, 和 <code>if … else if … else if … else</code> 链类似:</p> +<pre class="brush: js">function example(…) { + return condition1 ? value1 + : condition2 ? value2 + : condition3 ? value3 + : value4; +} + +// Equivalent to: + +function example(…) { + if (condition1) { return value1; } + else if (condition2) { return value2; } + else if (condition3) { return value3; } + else { return value4; } +} +</pre> + +<h2 id="规范">规范</h2> + +<table class="standard-table"> + <thead> + <tr> + <th scope="col">Specification</th> + <th scope="col">Status</th> + <th scope="col">Comment</th> + </tr> + </thead> + <tbody> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-conditional-operator', 'Conditional Operator')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-conditional-operator', 'Conditional Operator')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-11.12', 'The conditional operator')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td> + <td></td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES1', '#sec-11.12', 'The conditional operator')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES1')}}</td> + <td>Initial definition. Implemented in JavaScript 1.0.</td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> + +<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2> + +<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a class="external" href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div> + +<p>{{Compat("javascript.operators.conditional")}}</p> + +<h2 id="参见">参见</h2> + +<ul> + <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else">if statement</a></li> + <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Optional_chaining">Optional chaining</a></li> + <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/JavaScript/Building_blocks/conditionals">Making decisions in your code — conditionals</a></li> + <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators">Expressions and operators</a></li> +</ul> |