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diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/statements/if...else/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/statements/if...else/index.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..90d29e86ae --- /dev/null +++ b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/statements/if...else/index.html @@ -0,0 +1,176 @@ +--- +title: if...else +slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else +tags: + - JavaScript + - Statement +translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/if...else +--- +<div> +<div> {{jsSidebar("Statements")}}</div> +</div> + +<p><span style="line-height: 19.0909080505371px;">当指定条件为真,</span><strong>if 语句</strong>会执行一段语句。如果条件为假,则执行另一段语句。</p> + +<p>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/statement-ifelse.html")}}</p> + +<div class="hidden"> +<p>The source for this interactive example is stored in a GitHub repository. If you'd like to contribute to the interactive examples project, please clone <a href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples</a> and send us a pull request.</p> +</div> + +<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">语法</h2> + +<pre class="syntaxbox">if (<em>condition</em>) + <em>statement1</em> +[else + <em>statement2</em>] +</pre> + +<dl> + <dt><code>condition</code></dt> + <dd>值为真或假的<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Expressions_and_Operators#Expressions">表达式</a></dd> +</dl> + +<dl> + <dt><code>statement1</code></dt> + <dd>当<code>condition</code>为真时执行的语句。可为任意语句,包括更深层的内部<code>if</code>语句。要执行多条语句,使用<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/block" title="en/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/block">块</a>语句({ ... })将这些语句分组;若不想执行语句,则使用<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/Empty">空</a>语句。 </dd> +</dl> + +<dl> + <dt><code>statement2</code></dt> + <dd>如果<code>condition</code>为假且 <code>else</code>从句存在时执行的语句。<span style="line-height: 19.0909080505371px;">可为任意语句,包括块语句和</span>嵌套的<code>if</code>语句<span style="line-height: 19.0909080505371px;">。</span></dd> +</dl> + +<h2 id="Description" name="Description">说明</h2> + +<p>多层 <code>if...else</code> 语句可使用 <code>else if</code> 从句。注意:在 Javascript 中没有 <code>elseif</code> (一个单词)关键字。</p> + +<pre class="eval">if (<em>condition1</em>) + <em>statement1</em> +else if (<em>condition2</em>) + <em>statement2</em> +else if (<em>condition3</em>) + <em>statement3</em> +... +else + <em>statementN</em> + +</pre> + +<p>要看看它如何工作,可以调整下嵌套的缩进:</p> + +<pre class="eval">if (<em>condition1</em>) + <em>statement1</em> +else + if (<em>condition2</em>) + <em>statement2</em> + else + if (<em>condition3</em>) +... +</pre> + +<p>要在一个从句中执行多条语句,可使用语句块(<code>{ ... }</code>)。通常情况下,一直使用语句块是个好习惯,特别是在涉及嵌套<code>if</code>语句的代码中:</p> + +<pre class="eval">if (<em>condition</em>) { + <em>statements1</em> +} else { + <em>statements2</em> +} +</pre> + +<p>不要将原始布尔值的<code>true</code>和<code>false</code>与<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean" title="en/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Boolean">Boolean</a>对象的真或假混淆。任何一个值,只要它不是 <code>undefined</code><font face="Open Sans, Arial, sans-serif">、</font><code>null</code>、 <code>0</code><font face="Open Sans, Arial, sans-serif">、</font><code>NaN</code>或空字符串(<code>""</code>),那么无论是任何对象,即使是值为假的Boolean对象,在条件语句中都为真。例如:</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">var b = new Boolean(false); +if (b) //表达式的值为true +</pre> + +<h2 id="Examples" name="Examples">示例</h2> + +<h3 id="Example:_Using_if...else" name="Example:_Using_if...else">使用 <code>if...else</code></h3> + +<pre class="brush: js">if (cipher_char === from_char) { + result = result + to_char; + x++; +} else { + result = result + clear_char; +} +</pre> + +<h3 id="使用_else_if">使用 <code>else if</code></h3> + +<p>注意,Javascript中没有<code>elseif</code>语句。但可以使用<code>else</code>和<code>if</code>中间有空格的语句:</p> + +<pre class="brush: js">if (x > 5) { + /* do the right thing */ +} else if (x > 50) { + /* do the right thing */ +} else { + /* do the right thing */ +}</pre> + +<h3 id="Example:_Assignment_within_the_conditional_expression" name="Example:_Assignment_within_the_conditional_expression">条件表达式中的赋值运算</h3> + +<p>建议不要在条件表达式中单纯的使用赋值运算,因为粗看下赋值运算的代码很容易让人误认为是等性比较。比如,不要使用下面示例的代码:</p> + +<pre class="brush: js example-bad">if (x = y) { + /* do the right thing */ +} +</pre> + +<p>如果你需要在条件表达式中使用赋值运算,用圆括号包裹赋值运算。例如:</p> + +<pre class="brush: js example-good">if ((x = y)) { + /* do the right thing */ +} +</pre> + +<h2 id="规范">规范</h2> + +<table class="standard-table"> + <tbody> + <tr> + <th scope="col">Specification</th> + <th scope="col">Status</th> + <th scope="col">Comment</th> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-if-statement', 'if statement')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-if-statement', 'if statement')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-12.5', 'if statement')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES3', '#sec-12.5', 'if statement')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES3')}}</td> + <td> </td> + </tr> + <tr> + <td>{{SpecName('ES1', '#sec-12.5', 'if statement')}}</td> + <td>{{Spec2('ES1')}}</td> + <td>Initial definition</td> + </tr> + </tbody> +</table> + +<h2 id="浏览器兼容">浏览器兼容</h2> + +<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div> + +<p>{{Compat("javascript.statements.if_else")}}</p> + +<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">相关链接</h2> + +<ul> + <li>{{jsxref("Statements/block", "block")}}</li> + <li>{{jsxref("Statements/switch", "switch")}}</li> + <li>{{jsxref("Operators/conditional_operator", "条件运算符")}}</li> +</ul> |
