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---
title: encodeURIComponent
slug: Web/JavaScript/Referencia/Objetos_globales/encodeURIComponent
tags:
- JavaScript
- URI
translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/encodeURIComponent
---
<div>{{jsSidebar("Objects")}}</div>
<h2 id="Summary" name="Summary">Resumen</h2>
<p>El método <strong>encodeURIComponent()</strong> codifica un componente URI (Identificador Uniforme de Recursos) al reemplazar cada instancia de ciertos caracteres por una, dos, tres o cuatro secuencias de escape que representan la codificación UTF-8 del carácter (solo serán cuatro secuencias de escape para caracteres compuestos por dos carácteres "sustitutos").</p>
<h2 id="Syntax" name="Syntax">Sintaxis</h2>
<pre class="syntaxbox">encodeURIComponent(str);</pre>
<h3 id="Parameters" name="Parameters">Parámetros</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>str</code></dt>
<dd>Cadena. Un componente de un URI.</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="Description" name="Description">Descripción</h2>
<p><code>encodeURIComponent</code> escapes all characters except the following: alphabetic, decimal digits, <code>- _ . ! ~ * ' ( )</code></p>
<p>Note that an {{jsxref("Objetos_globales/URIError", "URIError")}} will be thrown if one attempts to encode a surrogate which is not part of a high-low pair, e.g.,</p>
<pre class="brush: js">// high-low pair ok
alert(encodeURIComponent('\uD800\uDFFF'));
// lone high surrogate throws "URIError: malformed URI sequence"
alert(encodeURIComponent('\uD800'));
// lone low surrogate throws "URIError: malformed URI sequence"
alert(encodeURIComponent('\uDFFF'));
</pre>
<p>To avoid unexpected requests to the server, you should call <code>encodeURIComponent</code> on any user-entered parameters that will be passed as part of a URI. For example, a user could type "<code>Thyme &time=again</code>" for a variable <code>comment</code>. Not using <code>encodeURIComponent</code> on this variable will give <code>comment=Thyme%20&time=again</code>. Note that the ampersand and the equal sign mark a new key and value pair. So instead of having a POST <code>comment</code> key equal to "<code>Thyme &time=again</code>", you have two POST keys, one equal to "<code>Thyme </code>" and another (<code>time</code>) equal to <code>again</code>.</p>
<p>For <a href="http://www.whatwg.org/specs/web-apps/current-work/multipage/association-of-controls-and-forms.html#application/x-www-form-urlencoded-encoding-algorithm"><code>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</code></a> (POST), spaces are to be replaced by '+', so one may wish to follow a <code>encodeURIComponent</code> replacement with an additional replacement of "%20" with "+".</p>
<p>To be more stringent in adhering to <a class="external" href="http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986">RFC 3986</a> (which reserves !, ', (, ), and *), even though these characters have no formalized URI delimiting uses, the following can be safely used:</p>
<pre class="brush: js">function fixedEncodeURIComponent (str) {
return encodeURIComponent(str).replace(/[!'()]/g, escape).replace(/\*/g, "%2A");
}
</pre>
<h2 id="See_also" name="See_also">Examples</h2>
<p>The following example provides the special encoding required within UTF-8 <code>Content-Disposition</code> and <code>Link</code> server response header parameters (e.g., UTF-8 filenames):</p>
<pre class="brush: js">var fileName = 'my file(2).txt';
var header = "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=UTF-8''" + encodeRFC5987ValueChars(fileName);
console.log(header);
// logs "Content-Disposition: attachment; filename*=UTF-8''my%20file%282%29.txt"
function encodeRFC5987ValueChars (str) {
return encodeURIComponent(str).
// Note that although RFC3986 reserves "!", RFC5987 does not,
// so we do not need to escape it
replace(/['()]/g, escape). // i.e., %27 %28 %29
replace(/\*/g, '%2A').
// The following are not required for percent-encoding per RFC5987,
// so we can allow for a little better readability over the wire: |`^
replace(/%(?:7C|60|5E)/g, unescape);
}
</pre>
<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMAScript 3rd Edition.</td>
<td>Standard</td>
<td>Initial definition.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.1.3.4', 'encodeURIComponent')}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-encodeuricomponent-uricomponent', 'encodeURIComponent')}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>
<p>{{ CompatibilityTable() }}</p>
<div id="compat-desktop">
<table class="compat-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Chrome</th>
<th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
<th>Internet Explorer</th>
<th>Opera</th>
<th>Safari</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Basic support</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="compat-mobile">
<table class="compat-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Android</th>
<th>Chrome for Android</th>
<th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
<th>IE Mobile</th>
<th>Opera Mobile</th>
<th>Safari Mobile</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Basic support</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h2 id="See_Also" name="See_Also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>{{jsxref("decodeURI")}}</li>
<li>{{jsxref("encodeURI")}}</li>
<li>{{jsxref("decodeURIComponent")}}</li>
</ul>
|
