path: root/files/fa/web/javascript/reference/global_objects/array/index.html

---
title: Array
slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
tags:
  - Array
  - Example
  - Global Objects
  - JavaScript
  - NeedsTranslation
  - Reference
  - TopicStub
translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array
---
<div>{{JSRef}}</div>

<div dir="rtl">شیء <strong><code>Array</code></strong> در جاوااسکریپت یک شیء عمومی است که در ساخت آرایه ها استفاده می شود که اشیائی سطح بالا شبیه فهرست هستند.</div>

<div dir="rtl"></div>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>ساخت یک آرایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var fruits = ['Apple', 'Banana'];

console.log(fruits.length);
// 2
</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>دسترسی به یک آیتم در آرایه (بر اساس نمایه)</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var first = fruits[0];
// Apple

var last = fruits[fruits.length - 1];
// Banana
</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>اجرای حلقه روی آرایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">fruits.forEach(function(item, index, array) {
  console.log(item, index);
});
// Apple 0
// Banana 1
</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>اضافه کردن به انتهای آرایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var newLength = fruits.push('Orange');
// ["Apple", "Banana", "Orange"]
</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>حذف کردن از انتهای آرایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var last = fruits.pop(); // remove Orange (from the end)
// ["Apple", "Banana"];
</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>حذف کردن از ابتدای آرایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var first = fruits.shift(); // remove Apple from the front
// ["Banana"];
</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>اضافه کردن به ابتدای آرایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var newLength = fruits.unshift('Strawberry') // add to the front
// ["Strawberry", "Banana"];
</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>پیدا کردن نمایه یک آیتم در یک آرایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">fruits.push('Mango');
// ["Strawberry", "Banana", "Mango"]

var pos = fruits.indexOf('Banana');
// 1
</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>پاک کردن یک آیتم بر اساس موقعیت نمایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var removedItem = fruits.splice(pos, 1); // this is how to remove an item

// ["Strawberry", "Mango"]</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>پاک کردن آیتم ها بر اساس موقعیت نمایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var vegetables = ['Cabbage', 'Turnip', 'Radish', 'Carrot'];
console.log(vegetables);
// ["Cabbage", "Turnip", "Radish", "Carrot"]

var pos = 1, n = 2;

var removedItems = vegetables.splice(pos, n);
// this is how to remove items, n defines the number of items to be removed,
// from that position(pos) onward to the end of array.

console.log(vegetables);
// ["Cabbage", "Carrot"] (the original array is changed)

console.log(removedItems);
// ["Turnip", "Radish"]</pre>

<p dir="rtl"><strong>کپی کردن یک آرایه</strong></p>

<pre class="brush: js">var shallowCopy = fruits.slice(); // this is how to make a copy
// ["Strawberry", "Mango"]
</pre>

<h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2>

<pre class="syntaxbox">[<var>element0</var>, <var>element1</var>, ..., <var>elementN</var>]
new Array(<var>element0</var>, <var>element1</var>[, ...[, <var>elementN</var>]])
new Array(<var>arrayLength</var>)</pre>

<h3 id="Parameters">Parameters</h3>

<dl>
 <dt><code>element<em>N</em></code></dt>
 <dd>A JavaScript array is initialized with the given elements, except in the case where a single argument is passed to the <code>Array</code> constructor and that argument is a number (see the arrayLength parameter below). Note that this special case only applies to JavaScript arrays created with the <code>Array</code> constructor, not array literals created with the bracket syntax.</dd>
 <dt><code>arrayLength</code></dt>
 <dd>If the only argument passed to the <code>Array</code> constructor is an integer between 0 and 2<sup>32</sup>-1 (inclusive), this returns a new JavaScript array with its <code>length</code> property set to that number (<strong>Note:</strong> this implies an array of <code>arrayLength</code> empty slots, not slots with actual <code>undefined</code> values). If the argument is any other number, a {{jsxref("RangeError")}} exception is thrown.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Description">Description</h2>

<p>Arrays are list-like objects whose prototype has methods to perform traversal and mutation operations. Neither the length of a JavaScript array nor the types of its elements are fixed. Since an array's length can change at any time, and data can be stored at non-contiguous locations in the array, JavaScript arrays are not guaranteed to be dense; this depends on how the programmer chooses to use them. In general, these are convenient characteristics; but if these features are not desirable for your particular use, you might consider using typed arrays.</p>

<p>Arrays cannot use strings as element indexes (as in an <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associative_array">associative array</a>) but must use integers. Setting or accessing via non-integers using <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_Objects#Objects_and_properties">bracket notation</a> (or <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Property_Accessors">dot notation</a>) will not set or retrieve an element from the array list itself, but will set or access a variable associated with that array's <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Data_structures#Properties">object property collection</a>. The array's object properties and list of array elements are separate, and the array's <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Indexed_collections#Array_methods">traversal and mutation operations</a> cannot be applied to these named properties.</p>

<h3 id="Accessing_array_elements">Accessing array elements</h3>

<p>JavaScript arrays are zero-indexed: the first element of an array is at index <code>0</code>, and the last element is at the index equal to the value of the array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property minus 1. Using an invalid index number returns <code>undefined</code>.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var arr = ['this is the first element', 'this is the second element', 'this is the last element'];
console.log(arr[0]);              // logs 'this is the first element'
console.log(arr[1]);              // logs 'this is the second element'
console.log(arr[arr.length - 1]); // logs 'this is the last element'
</pre>

<p>Array elements are object properties in the same way that <code>toString</code> is a property, but trying to access an element of an array as follows throws a syntax error because the property name is not valid:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">console.log(arr.0); // a syntax error
</pre>

<p>There is nothing special about JavaScript arrays and the properties that cause this. JavaScript properties that begin with a digit cannot be referenced with dot notation; and must be accessed using bracket notation. For example, if you had an object with a property named <code>'3d'</code>, it can only be referenced using bracket notation. E.g.:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var years = [1950, 1960, 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000, 2010];
console.log(years.0);   // a syntax error
console.log(years[0]);  // works properly
</pre>

<pre class="brush: js">renderer.3d.setTexture(model, 'character.png');     // a syntax error
renderer['3d'].setTexture(model, 'character.png');  // works properly
</pre>

<p>Note that in the <code>3d</code> example, <code>'3d'</code> had to be quoted. It's possible to quote the JavaScript array indexes as well (e.g., <code>years['2']</code> instead of <code>years[2]</code>), although it's not necessary. The 2 in <code>years[2]</code> is coerced into a string by the JavaScript engine through an implicit <code>toString</code> conversion. It is, for this reason, that <code>'2'</code> and <code>'02'</code> would refer to two different slots on the <code>years</code> object and the following example could be <code>true</code>:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">console.log(years['2'] != years['02']);
</pre>

<p>Similarly, object properties which happen to be reserved words(!) can only be accessed as string literals in bracket notation (but it can be accessed by dot notation in firefox 40.0a2 at least):</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var promise = {
  'var'  : 'text',
  'array': [1, 2, 3, 4]
};

console.log(promise['var']);
</pre>

<h3 id="Relationship_between_length_and_numerical_properties">Relationship between <code>length</code> and numerical properties</h3>

<p>A JavaScript array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property and numerical properties are connected. Several of the built-in array methods (e.g., {{jsxref("Array.join", "join()")}}, {{jsxref("Array.slice", "slice()")}}, {{jsxref("Array.indexOf", "indexOf()")}}, etc.) take into account the value of an array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property when they're called. Other methods (e.g., {{jsxref("Array.push", "push()")}}, {{jsxref("Array.splice", "splice()")}}, etc.) also result in updates to an array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var fruits = [];
fruits.push('banana', 'apple', 'peach');

console.log(fruits.length); // 3
</pre>

<p>When setting a property on a JavaScript array when the property is a valid array index and that index is outside the current bounds of the array, the engine will update the array's {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property accordingly:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">fruits[5] = 'mango';
console.log(fruits[5]); // 'mango'
console.log(Object.keys(fruits));  // ['0', '1', '2', '5']
console.log(fruits.length); // 6
</pre>

<p>Increasing the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}}.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">fruits.length = 10;
console.log(Object.keys(fruits)); // ['0', '1', '2', '5']
console.log(fruits.length); // 10
</pre>

<p>Decreasing the {{jsxref("Array.length", "length")}} property does, however, delete elements.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">fruits.length = 2;
console.log(Object.keys(fruits)); // ['0', '1']
console.log(fruits.length); // 2
</pre>

<p>This is explained further on the {{jsxref("Array.length")}} page.</p>

<h3 id="Creating_an_array_using_the_result_of_a_match">Creating an array using the result of a match</h3>

<p>The result of a match between a regular expression and a string can create a JavaScript array. This array has properties and elements which provide information about the match. Such an array is returned by {{jsxref("RegExp.exec")}}, {{jsxref("String.match")}}, and {{jsxref("String.replace")}}. To help explain these properties and elements, look at the following example and then refer to the table below:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">// Match one d followed by one or more b's followed by one d
// Remember matched b's and the following d
// Ignore case

var myRe = /d(b+)(d)/i;
var myArray = myRe.exec('cdbBdbsbz');
</pre>

<p>The properties and elements returned from this match are as follows:</p>

<table class="fullwidth-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td class="header">Property/Element</td>
   <td class="header">Description</td>
   <td class="header">Example</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>input</code></td>
   <td>A read-only property that reflects the original string against which the regular expression was matched.</td>
   <td>cdbBdbsbz</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>index</code></td>
   <td>A read-only property that is the zero-based index of the match in the string.</td>
   <td>1</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>[0]</code></td>
   <td>A read-only element that specifies the last matched characters.</td>
   <td>dbBd</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>[1], ...[n]</code></td>
   <td>Read-only elements that specify the parenthesized substring matches, if included in the regular expression. The number of possible parenthesized substrings is unlimited.</td>
   <td>[1]: bB<br>
    [2]: d</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="Properties">Properties</h2>

<dl>
 <dt><code>Array.length</code></dt>
 <dd>The <code>Array</code> constructor's length property whose value is 1.</dd>
 <dt>{{jsxref("Array.@@species", "get Array[@@species]")}}</dt>
 <dd>The constructor function that is used to create derived objects.</dd>
 <dt>{{jsxref("Array.prototype")}}</dt>
 <dd>Allows the addition of properties to all array objects.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Methods">Methods</h2>

<dl>
 <dt>{{jsxref("Array.from()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Creates a new <code>Array</code> instance from an array-like or iterable object.</dd>
 <dt>{{jsxref("Array.isArray()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Returns true if a variable is an array, if not false.</dd>
 <dt>{{jsxref("Array.of()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Creates a new <code>Array</code> instance with a variable number of arguments, regardless of number or type of the arguments.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Array_instances"><code>Array</code> instances</h2>

<p>All <code>Array</code> instances inherit from {{jsxref("Array.prototype")}}. The prototype object of the <code>Array</code> constructor can be modified to affect all <code>Array</code> instances.</p>

<h3 id="Properties_2">Properties</h3>

<div>{{page('/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype', 'Properties')}}</div>

<h3 id="Methods_2">Methods</h3>

<h4 id="Mutator_methods">Mutator methods</h4>

<div>{{page('en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype', 'Mutator_methods')}}</div>

<h4 id="Accessor_methods">Accessor methods</h4>

<div>{{page('en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype', 'Accessor_methods')}}</div>

<h4 id="Iteration_methods">Iteration methods</h4>

<div>{{page('en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Array/prototype', 'Iteration_methods')}}</div>

<h2 id="Array_generic_methods"><code>Array</code> generic methods</h2>

<div class="warning">
<p><strong>Array generics are non-standard, deprecated and will get removed in the near future</strong>.</p>
</div>

<p>{{Obsolete_Header("Gecko71")}}</p>

<p>Sometimes you would like to apply array methods to strings or other array-like objects (such as function {{jsxref("Functions/arguments", "arguments", "", 1)}}). By doing this, you treat a string as an array of characters (or otherwise treat a non-array as an array). For example, in order to check that every character in the variable <var>str</var> is a letter, you would write:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">function isLetter(character) {
  return character &gt;= 'a' &amp;&amp; character &lt;= 'z';
}

if (Array.prototype.every.call(str, isLetter)) {
  console.log("The string '" + str + "' contains only letters!");
}
</pre>

<p>This notation is rather wasteful and JavaScript 1.6 introduced a generic shorthand:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">if (Array.every(str, isLetter)) {
  console.log("The string '" + str + "' contains only letters!");
}
</pre>

<p>{{jsxref("Global_Objects/String", "Generics", "#String_generic_methods", 1)}} are also available on {{jsxref("String")}}.</p>

<p>These are <strong>not</strong> part of ECMAScript standards and they are not supported by non-Gecko browsers. As a standard alternative, you can convert your object to a proper array using {{jsxref("Array.from()")}}; although that method may not be supported in old browsers:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">if (Array.from(str).every(isLetter)) {
  console.log("The string '" + str + "' contains only letters!");
}
</pre>

<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>

<h3 id="Creating_an_array">Creating an array</h3>

<p>The following example creates an array, <code>msgArray</code>, with a length of 0, then assigns values to <code>msgArray[0]</code> and <code>msgArray[99]</code>, changing the length of the array to 100.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var msgArray = [];
msgArray[0] = 'Hello';
msgArray[99] = 'world';

if (msgArray.length === 100) {
  console.log('The length is 100.');
}
</pre>

<h3 id="Creating_a_two-dimensional_array">Creating a two-dimensional array</h3>

<p>The following creates a chess board as a two-dimensional array of strings. The first move is made by copying the 'p' in (6,4) to (4,4). The old position (6,4) is made blank.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var board = [
  ['R','N','B','Q','K','B','N','R'],
  ['P','P','P','P','P','P','P','P'],
  [' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '],
  [' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '],
  [' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '],
  [' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' '],
  ['p','p','p','p','p','p','p','p'],
  ['r','n','b','q','k','b','n','r'] ];

console.log(board.join('\n') + '\n\n');

// Move King's Pawn forward 2
board[4][4] = board[6][4];
board[6][4] = ' ';
console.log(board.join('\n'));
</pre>

<p>Here is the output:</p>

<pre class="eval">R,N,B,Q,K,B,N,R
P,P,P,P,P,P,P,P
 , , , , , , ,
 , , , , , , ,
 , , , , , , ,
 , , , , , , ,
p,p,p,p,p,p,p,p
r,n,b,q,k,b,n,r

R,N,B,Q,K,B,N,R
P,P,P,P,P,P,P,P
 , , , , , , ,
 , , , , , , ,
 , , , ,p, , ,
 , , , , , , ,
p,p,p,p, ,p,p,p
r,n,b,q,k,b,n,r
</pre>

<h3 id="Using_an_array_to_tabulate_a_set_of_values">Using an array to tabulate a set of values</h3>

<pre class="brush: js">values = [];
for (var x = 0; x &lt; 10; x++){
 values.push([
  2 ** x,
  2 * x ** 2
 ])
};
console.table(values)</pre>

<p>Results in</p>

<pre class="eval">0	1	0
1	2	2
2	4	8
3	8	18
4	16	32
5	32	50
6	64	72
7	128	98
8	256	128
9	512	162</pre>

<p>(First column is the (index))</p>

<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
   <th scope="col">Status</th>
   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ES1')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ES1')}}</td>
   <td>Initial definition.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-15.4', 'Array')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
   <td>New methods added: {{jsxref("Array.isArray")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.indexOf", "indexOf")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.lastIndexOf", "lastIndexOf")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.every", "every")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.some", "some")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.forEach", "forEach")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.map", "map")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.filter", "filter")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.reduce", "reduce")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.reduceRight", "reduceRight")}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-array-objects', 'Array')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
   <td>New methods added: {{jsxref("Array.from")}}, {{jsxref("Array.of")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.find", "find")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.findIndex", "findIndex")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.fill", "fill")}}, {{jsxref("Array.prototype.copyWithin", "copyWithin")}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ES7', '#sec-array-objects', 'Array')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ES7')}}</td>
   <td>New method added: {{jsxref("Array.prototype.includes()")}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-array-objects', 'Array')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
   <td></td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>



<p>{{Compat("javascript.builtins.Array")}}</p>

<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>

<ul>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Working_with_Objects#Indexing_object_properties">JavaScript Guide: “Indexing object properties”</a></li>
 <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Indexed_collections#Array_object">JavaScript Guide: “Indexed collections: <code>Array</code> object”</a></li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Array_comprehensions">Array comprehensions</a></li>
 <li><a href="https://github.com/plusdude/array-generics">Polyfill for JavaScript 1.8.5 Array Generics and ECMAScript 5 Array Extras</a></li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/JavaScript_typed_arrays">Typed Arrays</a></li>
</ul>