path: root/files/fr/web/api/htmlselectelement/index.html

---
title: HTMLSelectElement
slug: Web/API/HTMLSelectElement
translation_of: Web/API/HTMLSelectElement
---
<div>{{ APIRef("HTML DOM") }}</div>

<p>L'interface <code><strong>HTMLSelectElement</strong></code> représente un élément HTML {{HTMLElement("select")}}. Cet élément partage aussi toute les propriétés et méthodes des autres elements HTML via l'interface {{ domxref("HTMLElement") }}.</p>

<h2 id="Properties" name="Properties">Propriétés</h2>

<p><em>Cette interface hérite des propriétés de {{domxref("HTMLElement")}}, {{domxref("Element")}} et {{domxref("Node")}}.</em></p>

<dl>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.autofocus")}}</dt>
 <dd><em>Est un </em>{{jsxref("Boolean")}} qui reflète l'attribut HTML {{ htmlattrxref("autofocus", "select") }} : il indique si l'élément a le focus au chargement de la page (excepté si l'utilisateur le change, par exemple en cliquant sur un autre element). Uniquement les elément associé à un formulaire dans le document peuvent utiliser cet attribut. {{ gecko_minversion_inline("2.0") }}</dd>
</dl>

<dl>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.disabled")}}</dt>
 <dd>Est un {{jsxref("Boolean")}} qui reflète l'attribut HTML {{ htmlattrxref("disabled", "select") }} : il indique si l'élément est oui ou non desactivé. Si il est désactivé, l'élément n'accepte pas les clicks.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.form")}} {{readonlyInline}}</dt>
 <dd>Retourne un {{domxref("HTMLFormElement")}} représentant le formulaire associé a cet élément. Si cet élément est le fils d'un formulaire, alors cet attribut est l'ID de l'element form. Si l'élément n'est pas fils d'un formulaire, alors l'attribut peut-être l'ID de n'importe quel élément du même document.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.labels")}} {{readonlyInline}}</dt>
 <dd>Retourne une {{ domxref("NodeList") }} contenant la liste des labels associé avec l'éléments select.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.length")}}</dt>
 <dd>Est un <code>unsigned long</code> représentant le nombre d'élément {{ HTMLElement("option") }} dans cet element <code>select</code>.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.multiple")}}</dt>
 <dd>Est un {{jsxref("Boolean")}} représentant l'attribut HTML {{ htmlattrxref("multiple", "select") }}, qui indique si plusieurs items peuvent être choisis à la fois par l'utilisateur.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.name")}}</dt>
 <dd>Est une {{ domxref("DOMString") }} qui représente l'attribut HTML {{ htmlattrxref("name", "select") }}, contenant le nom de ce contrôle pour les serveurs et pour les fonctions de recherche dans le DOM.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.options")}} {{readonlyInline}}</dt>
 <dd>Returns a {{ domxref("HTMLOptionsCollection") }} containing the set of {{ HTMLElement("option") }} elements contained by this element.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.required")}}</dt>
 <dd>Is a {{jsxref("Boolean")}} that reflects the {{ htmlattrxref("required", "select") }} HTML attribute, which indicates whether the user is required to select a value before submitting the form. {{ gecko_minversion_inline("2.0") }}</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.selectedIndex")}}</dt>
 <dd>Is a <code>long</code> that reflects the index of the first selected {{ HTMLElement("option") }} element. The value <code>-1</code> indicates no element is selected.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.selectedOptions")}} {{readonlyInline}}</dt>
 <dd>Returns a live {{ domxref("HTMLCollection") }} containing the set of options that are selected.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.size")}}</dt>
 <dd>Is a <code>long</code> that reflects the {{ htmlattrxref("size", "select") }} HTML attribute, which contains the number of visible items in the control. The default is 1, unless <code>multiple</code> is true, in which case it is 4.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.type")}} {{readonlyInline}}</dt>
 <dd>Returns a {{ domxref("DOMString") }} the form control's type. When <code>multiple</code> is <code>true</code>, it returns <code>"select-multiple"</code>; otherwise, it returns <code>"select-one"</code>.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.validationMessage")}} {{readonlyInline}}</dt>
 <dd>Returns a {{ domxref("DOMString") }} containing a localized message that describes the validation constraints that the control does not satisfy (if any). This attribute is the empty string if the control is not a candidate for constraint validation (<code>willValidate</code> is false), or it satisfies its constraints.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.validity")}} {{readonlyInline}}</dt>
 <dd>Returns a {{domxref("ValidityState")}} representing the validity state that this control is in.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.value")}}</dt>
 <dd>Is a {{ domxref("DOMString") }} with the value of this form control, that is, of the first selected option.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.willValidate")}}{{readonlyInline}}</dt>
 <dd>Is a {{jsxref("Boolean")}} that indicates whether the button is a candidate for constraint validation. It is false if any conditions bar it from constraint validation.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Methods" name="Methods">Méthodes</h2>

<p><em>This interface inherits the methods of {{domxref("HTMLElement")}}, and of {{domxref("Element")}} and {{domxref("Node")}}.</em></p>

<dl>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.add()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Adds an element to the collection of <code>option</code> elements for this <code>select</code> element.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLElement.blur", "HTMLSelectElement.blur()")}} {{ obsolete_inline}}</dt>
 <dd>Removes input focus from this element. <em>This method is now implemented on {{domxref("HTMLElement")}}</em>.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.checkValidity()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Checks whether the element has any constraints and whether it satisfies them. If the element fails its constraints, the browser fires a cancelable {{event("invalid")}} event at the element (and returns <code>false</code>).</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLElement.focus", "HTMLSelectElement.focus()")}} {{obsolete_inline}}</dt>
 <dd>Gives input focus to this element. <em>This method is now implemented on {{domxref("HTMLElement")}}</em>.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.item()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Gets an item from the options collection for this {{HTMLElement("select")}} element. You can also access an item by specifying the index in array-style brackets or parentheses, without calling this method explicitly.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.namedItem()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Gets the item in the options collection with the specified name. The name string can match either the <code>id</code> or the <code>name</code> attribute of an option node. You can also access an item by specifying the name in array-style brackets or parentheses, without calling this method explicitly.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.remove()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Removes the element at the specified index from the options collection for this select element.</dd>
 <dt>{{domxref("HTMLSelectElement.setCustomValidity()")}}</dt>
 <dd>Sets the custom validity message for the selection element to the specified message. Use the empty string to indicate that the element does <em>not</em> have a custom validity error.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Example" name="Example">Exemple</h2>

<h3 id="Get_information_about_the_selected_option">Get information about the selected option</h3>

<pre class="brush: js">/* assuming we have the following HTML
<span class="whitespace">&lt;</span><span class="xml-tagname">select </span><span class="xml-attname">id</span><span class="xml-punctuation">=</span><span class="xml-attribute">'s'</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&gt;</span>
<span class="whitespace">    </span><span class="xml-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="xml-tagname">option</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="xml-text">First</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="xml-tagname">option</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&gt;</span>
<span class="whitespace">    </span><span class="xml-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="xml-tagname">option </span><span class="xml-attname">selected</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="xml-text">Second</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="xml-tagname">option</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&gt;</span>
<span class="whitespace">    </span><span class="xml-punctuation">&lt;</span><span class="xml-tagname">option</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&gt;</span><span class="xml-text">Third</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="xml-tagname">option</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&gt;</span>
<span class="xml-punctuation">&lt;/</span><span class="xml-tagname">select</span><span class="xml-punctuation">&gt;</span>
*/

<span class="js-keyword">var </span><span class="js-variable">select </span><span class="js-operator">= </span><span class="js-variable">document</span><span class="js-punctuation">.</span><span class="js-property">getElementById</span><span class="js-punctuation">(</span><span class="js-string">'s'</span><span class="js-punctuation">)</span><span class="js-punctuation">;</span>

<span class="js-comment">// return the index of the selected option</span>
<span class="js-variable">alert</span><span class="js-punctuation">(</span><span class="js-variable">select</span><span class="js-punctuation">.</span><span class="js-property">selectedIndex</span><span class="js-punctuation">)</span><span class="js-punctuation">; </span><span class="js-comment">// 1</span>

<span class="js-comment">// return the value of the selected option</span>
<span class="js-variable">alert</span><span class="js-punctuation">(</span><span class="js-variable">select</span><span class="js-punctuation">.</span><span class="js-property">options</span><span class="js-punctuation">[</span><span class="js-variable">select</span><span class="js-punctuation">.</span><span class="js-property">selectedIndex</span><span class="js-punctuation">]</span><span class="js-punctuation">.</span><span class="js-property">value</span><span class="js-punctuation">) </span><span class="js-comment">// Second</span>
</pre>

<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
   <th scope="col">Status</th>
   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('HTML WHATWG', '#htmlselectelement', 'HTMLSelectElement')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('HTML WHATWG')}}</td>
   <td>Since the latest snapshot, {{SpecName('HTML5 W3C')}}, it adds the <code>autocomplete</code> property and the <code>reportValidity()</code> method.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('HTML5 W3C', 'forms.html#htmlselectelement', 'HTMLSelectElement')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('HTML5 W3C')}}</td>
   <td>Is a snapshot of {{SpecName("HTML WHATWG")}}.<br>
    It adds the <code>autofocus</code>, <code>form</code>, <code>required</code>, <code>labels</code>, <code>selectedOptions</code>, <code>willValidate</code>, <code>validity</code> and <code>validationMessage</code> properties.<br>
    The <code>tabindex</code> property and the <code>blur()</code> and <code>focus()</code> methods have been moved to {{domxref("HTMLElement")}}.<br>
    The methods <code>item()</code>, <code>namedItem()</code>, <code>checkValidity()</code> and <code>setCustomValidity()</code>.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('DOM2 HTML', 'html.html#ID-94282980', 'HTMLSelectElement')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('DOM2 HTML')}}</td>
   <td><code>options</code> now returns an {{domxref("HTMLOptionsCollection")}}.<br>
    <code>length</code> now returns an <code>unsigned long</code>.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('DOM1', 'level-one-html.html#ID-94282980', 'HTMLSelectElement')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('DOM1')}}</td>
   <td>Initial definition.</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>

<div>{{CompatibilityTable}}</div>

<div id="compat-desktop">
<table class="compat-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th>Feature</th>
   <th>Chrome</th>
   <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
   <th>Internet Explorer</th>
   <th>Opera</th>
   <th>Safari (WebKit)</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Basic support</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop(1.0)}}</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>item()</code> and <code>namedItem()</code></td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop(2.0)}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>setCustomValidity()</code>, <code>checkValidity()</code>, <code>willValidate</code>, <code>validationMessage</code>, <code>validity</code></td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop(2.0)}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>selectedOptions</code></td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop(26)}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>labels</code></td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{ unimplemented_inline("556743") }}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<div id="compat-mobile">
<table class="compat-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th>Feature</th>
   <th>Android</th>
   <th>Chrome</th>
   <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
   <th>Firefox OS</th>
   <th>IE Phone</th>
   <th>Opera Mobile</th>
   <th>Safari Mobile</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Basic support</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoMobile(1)}}</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>item()</code> and <code>namedItem()</code></td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoMobile(2.0)}}</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>setCustomValidity()</code>, <code>checkValidity()</code>, <code>willValidate</code>, <code>validationMessage</code>, <code>validity</code></td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoMobile(2.0)}}</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>selectedOptions</code></td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoMobile(26)}}</td>
   <td>1.2</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>labels</code></td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{ unimplemented_inline("556743") }}</td>
   <td>{{ unimplemented_inline("556743") }}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>

<ul>
 <li>The {{HTMLElement("select")}} HTML element, implementing this interface.</li>
</ul>

<dl>
 <dt> </dt>
</dl>