path: root/files/pt-pt/web/api/webgl_api/index.html

---
title: 'API de WebGL: Gráficos 2D e 3D para a Web'
slug: Web/API/WebGL_API
tags:
  - 3D
  - API de WebGL
  - Avançado
  - Gráficos 3D
  - Multimedia
  - Referencia
  - Resumo
  - Sinopse
  - WebGL
  - graficos
translation_of: Web/API/WebGL_API
---
<div>{{WebGLSidebar}}</div>

<div class="summary">
<p>WebGL (Biblioteca de Gráficos da Web) é uma API de JavaScript para a renderização de gráficos 2D e 3D interativos dentro de qualquer navegador da Web compatível sem a utilização de plug-ins. WebGL fazi isso, ao introduzir uma API que está em conformidade com o OpenGL ES 2.0 que pode ser utilizado em elementos {{HTMLElement("canvas")}} de HTML5.</p>
</div>

<p>O suporte para WebGL está presente no <a href="/pt-PT/docs/Mozilla/Firefox" title="Firefox 4 for developers">Firefox</a> 4+, <a href="http://www.google.com/chrome/" title="http://www.google.com/chrome/">Google Chrome</a> 9+, <a href="http://www.opera.com/" title="http://www.opera.com/">Opera</a> 12+, <a href="http://www.apple.com/safari/" title="http://www.apple.com/fr/safari/">Safari </a>5.1+ and <a href="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/internet-explorer/browser-ie" title="http://windows.microsoft.com/en-us/internet-explorer/download-ie">Internet Explorer</a> 11+, e <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/pt-pt/windows/microsoft-edge">Microsoft Edge</a> build 10240+; contudo, o dispositivo do utilizador também deve ter hardware que suporte estas funcionalidades.</p>

<p>O elemento {{HTMLElement("canvas")}} também é utilizado por <a href="/pt-PT/docs/Web/API/API_de_canvas">Canvas 2D</a> para gráficos 2D nas páginas da Web.</p>

<h2 id="Referência">Referência</h2>

<h3 id="Interfaces_padrão">Interfaces padrão</h3>

<div class="index">
<ul>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLRenderingContext")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGL2RenderingContext")}} {{experimental_inline}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLActiveInfo")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLBuffer")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLContextEvent")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLFramebuffer")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLProgram")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLQuery")}} {{experimental_inline}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLRenderbuffer")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLSampler")}} {{experimental_inline}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLShader")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLShaderPrecisionFormat")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLSync")}} {{experimental_inline}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLTexture")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLTransformFeedback")}} {{experimental_inline}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLUniformLocation")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WebGLVertexArrayObject")}} {{experimental_inline}}</li>
</ul>
</div>

<h3 id="Extensões">Extensões</h3>

<div class="index">
<ul>
 <li>{{domxref("ANGLE_instanced_arrays")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("EXT_blend_minmax")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("EXT_color_buffer_float")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("EXT_color_buffer_half_float")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("EXT_disjoint_timer_query")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("EXT_frag_depth")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("EXT_sRGB")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("EXT_shader_texture_lod")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("EXT_texture_filter_anisotropic")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("OES_element_index_uint")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("OES_standard_derivatives")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("OES_texture_float")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("OES_texture_float_linear")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("OES_texture_half_float")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("OES_texture_half_float_linear")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("OES_vertex_array_object")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_color_buffer_float")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_compressed_texture_astc")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_compressed_texture_atc")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_compressed_texture_etc")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_compressed_texture_etc1")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_compressed_texture_pvrtc")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_compressed_texture_s3tc")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_compressed_texture_s3tc_srgb")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_debug_renderer_info")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_debug_shaders")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_depth_texture")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_draw_buffers")}}</li>
 <li>{{domxref("WEBGL_lose_context")}}</li>
</ul>
</div>

<h3 id="Eventos">Eventos</h3>

<ul>
 <li>{{Event("webglcontextlost")}}</li>
 <li>{{Event("webglcontextrestored")}}</li>
 <li>{{Event("webglcontextcreationerror")}}</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="Constantes_e_tipos">Constantes e tipos</h3>

<ul>
 <li><a href="/pt-PT/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/Constantes">Constantes de WebGL</a></li>
 <li><a href="/pt-PT/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/Tipos">Tipos de WebGL</a></li>
</ul>

<h3 id="WebGL_2">WebGL 2</h3>

<p>WebGL 2 é uma atualização muito importante para WebGL que é fornecida através da inteface de {{domxref("WebGL2RenderingContext")}}. Esta tem como base o OpenGL ES 3.0 e novas funcionalidades includas:</p>

<ul>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL2RenderingContext/texImage3D">3D textures</a>,</li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGLSampler">Sampler objects</a>,</li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL2RenderingContext#Uniform_buffer_objects">Uniform Buffer objects</a>,</li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGLSync">Sync objects</a>,</li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGLQuery">Query objects</a>,</li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGLTransformFeedback">Transform Feedback objects</a>,</li>
 <li>Promoted extensions that are now core to WebGL 2: <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGLVertexArrayObject">Vertex Array objects</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL2RenderingContext/drawArraysInstanced">instancing</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL2RenderingContext/drawBuffers">multiple render targets</a>, <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/EXT_frag_depth">fragment depth</a>.</li>
</ul>

<p>See also the blog post <a href="https://hacks.mozilla.org/2017/01/webgl-2-lands-in-firefox/">"WebGL 2 lands in Firefox"</a> and <a href="http://webglsamples.org/WebGL2Samples/">webglsamples.org/WebGL2Samples</a> for a few demos.</p>

<h2 id="Guias_e_tutoriais">Guias e tutoriais</h2>

<p>Below, you'll find an assortment of guides to help you learn WebGL concepts and tutorials that offer step-by-step lessons and examples.</p>

<h3 id="Guias">Guias</h3>

<dl>
 <dt><a href="/pt-PT/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/Dados">Dados em WebGL</a></dt>
 <dd>A guide to variables, buffers, and other types of data used when writing WebGL code.</dd>
 <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/WebGL_best_practices">WebGL best practices</a></dt>
 <dd>Tips and suggestions to help you improve the quality, performance, and reliability of your WebGL content.</dd>
 <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/Using_Extensions">Using extensions</a></dt>
 <dd>A guide to using WebGL extensions.</dd>
</dl>

<h3 id="Tutoriais">Tutoriais</h3>

<dl>
 <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/Tutorial">WebGL tutorial</a></dt>
 <dd>A beginner's guide to WebGL core concepts. A good place to start if you don't have previous WebGL experience.</dd>
</dl>

<h3 id="Exemplos">Exemplos</h3>

<dl>
 <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/Basic_2D_animation_example">A basic 2D WebGL animation example</a></dt>
 <dd>This example demonstrates the simple animation of a one-color shape. Topics examined are adapting to aspect ratio differences, a function to build shader programs from sets of multiple shaders, and the basics of drawing in WebGL.</dd>
 <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/By_example">WebGL by example</a></dt>
 <dd>A series of live samples with short explanations that showcase WebGL concepts and capabilities. The examples are sorted according to topic and level of difficulty, covering the WebGL rendering context, shader programming, textures, geometry, user interaction, and more.</dd>
</dl>

<h3 id="Tutoriais_avançados">Tutoriais avançados</h3>

<dl>
 <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/WebGL_model_view_projection">WebGL model view projection</a></dt>
 <dd>A detailed explanation of the three core matrices that are typically used to represent a 3D object view: the model, view and projection matrices.</dd>
 <dt><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL_API/Matrix_math_for_the_web">Matrix math for the web</a></dt>
 <dd>A useful guide to how 3D transform matrices work, and can be used on the web — both for WebGL calculations and in CSS3 transforms.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Recursos">Recursos</h2>

<ul>
 <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/embed/H4c8t6myAWU/?feature=player_detailpage">Raw WebGL: An introduction to WebGL</a> A talk by Nick Desaulniers that introduces the basics of WebGL. This is a great place to start if you've never done low-level graphics programming.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.khronos.org/webgl/" title="http://www.khronos.org/webgl/">Khronos WebGL site</a> The main web site for WebGL at the Khronos Group.</li>
 <li><a href="http://learningwebgl.com/blog/?page_id=1217" title="http://learningwebgl.com/blog/">Learning WebGL</a> A site with tutorials on how to use WebGL.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/webgl/webgl_fundamentals/" title="http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/webgl/webgl_fundamentals/">WebGL Fundamentals</a> A basic tutorial with fundamentals of WebGL.</li>
 <li><a href="http://webglplayground.net" title="http://webglplayground.net">WebGL playground</a> An online tool for creating and sharing WebGL projects. Good for quick prototyping and experimenting.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.webglacademy.com" title="http://www.webglacademy.com">WebGL Academy</a> An HTML/JavaScript editor with tutorials to learn basics of webgl programming.</li>
 <li><a href="http://webglstats.com/">WebGL Stats</a> A site with statistics about WebGL capabilities in browsers on different platforms.</li>
</ul>

<h3 id="Bibliotecas">Bibliotecas</h3>

<ul>
 <li><a class="link-https" href="https://github.com/toji/gl-matrix" title="https://github.com/toji/gl-matrix">glMatrix</a> is a JavaScript matrix and vector library for high-performance WebGL apps.</li>
 <li><a href="http://senchalabs.github.com/philogl/">PhiloGL</a> is a WebGL framework for data visualization, creative coding, and game development.</li>
 <li><a href="http://www.pixijs.com/">Pixi.js</a> is a fast, open-source 2D WebGL renderer.</li>
 <li><a href="https://playcanvas.com/">PlayCanvas</a> is an open-source game engine.</li>
 <li><a href="http://sylvester.jcoglan.com/" title="http://sylvester.jcoglan.com/">Sylvester</a> is an open-source library for manipulating vectors and matrices. Not optimized for WebGL but extremely robust.</li>
 <li><a href="https://threejs.org/">three.js</a> is an open-source, fully featured 3D WebGL library.</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="Especificações">Especificações</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Especificação</th>
   <th scope="col">Estado</th>
   <th scope="col">Comentário</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('WebGL')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('WebGL')}}</td>
   <td>Initial definition. Based on OpenGL ES 2.0</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('WebGL2')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('WebGL2')}}</td>
   <td>Builds on top of WebGL 1. Based on OpenGL ES 3.0.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('OpenGL ES 2.0')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('OpenGL ES 2.0')}}</td>
   <td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('OpenGL ES 3.0')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('OpenGL ES 3.0')}}</td>
   <td> </td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="Compatibilidade_de_navegador">Compatibilidade de navegador</h2>

<h3 id="WebGL_1">WebGL 1</h3>

<div>


<p>{{Compat("api.WebGLRenderingContext", 0)}}</p>

<h3 id="WebGL_2_2">WebGL 2</h3>

<div class="hidden">The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</div>

<p>{{Compat("api.WebGL2RenderingContext", 0)}}</p>
</div>

<h3 id="Notas_de_compatibilidade">Notas de compatibilidade</h3>

<p>In addition to the browser, the GPU itself also needs to support the feature. So, for example, S3 Texture Compression (S3TC) is only available on Tegra-based tablets. Most browsers make the WebGL context available through the <code>webgl</code> context name, but older ones need <code>experimental-webgl</code> as well. In addition, the upcoming <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/API/WebGL2RenderingContext">WebGL 2</a> is fully backwards-compatible and will have the context name <code>webgl2</code>.</p>

<h3 id="Notas_do_Gecko">Notas do Gecko</h3>

<h4 id="Depuração_e_teste_de_WebGL">Depuração e teste de WebGL</h4>

<p>Starting with Gecko 10.0 {{geckoRelease("10.0")}}, there are two preferences available which let you control the capabilities of WebGL for testing purposes:</p>

<dl>
 <dt><code>webgl.min_capability_mode</code></dt>
 <dd>A Boolean property that, when <code>true</code>, enables a minimum capability mode. When in this mode, WebGL is configured to only support the bare minimum feature set and capabilities required by the WebGL specification. This lets you ensure that your WebGL code will work on any device or browser, regardless of their capabilities. This is <code>false</code> by default.</dd>
 <dt><code>webgl.disable_extensions</code></dt>
 <dd>A Boolean property that, when <code>true</code>, disables all WebGL extensions. This is <code>false</code> by default.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="Consultar_também">Consultar também</h2>

<ul>
 <li><a href="/pt-PT/docs/Web/API/API_de_canvas">API de Canvas</a></li>
 <li><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/pt-PT/docs/Web/API/WebGLRenderingContext/getSupportedExtensions">informação de compatibilidade sobre as extensões WebGL</a></li>
</ul>