1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
|
---
title: JavaScript language resources
slug: Web/JavaScript/Language_Resources
tags:
- ECMA JavaScript Türkçe
- ECMA Türkçe
- ECMAScript6
- Türkçe JavaScript
translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Language_Resources
---
<div>{{JsSidebar}}</div>
<p><strong>ECMAScript</strong> is the scripting language that forms the basis of <a href="/en-US/docs/JavaScript">JavaScript</a>. ECMAScript standardized by the <a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/" title="https://www.ecma-international.org/">ECMA International</a> standards organization in the <strong>ECMA-262 and ECMA-402 specifications</strong>. The following ECMAScript standards have been approved or are being worked on:</p>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Name</th>
<th>Links</th>
<th>Release date</th>
<th>Description</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="4">Current editions</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 10<sup>th</sup> Edition</td>
<td>
<p><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/ECMA-262.pdf">PDF</a>, <a href="https://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/10.0/index.html">HTML</a>, <a href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/">Working draft</a>, <a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma262">repository</a></p>
</td>
<td>2019</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2019 Language Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 9<sup>th</sup> Edition</td>
<td>
<p><a href="http://ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST/Ecma-262.pdf">PDF</a>, <a href="http://ecma-international.org/ecma-262/9.0/index.html#Title">HTML</a>, <br>
<a href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma262/">Working draft</a>, <a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma262">repository</a></p>
</td>
<td>2018</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2018 Language Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-402 5<sup>th</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://tc39.github.io/ecma402/">Working draft</a>, <a href="https://github.com/tc39/ecma402">repository</a></td>
<td>2018</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2018 Internationalization API Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="4">Obsolete/historical editions</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%201st%20edition,%20June%201997.pdf">PDF</a></td>
<td>June 1997</td>
<td>ECMAScript: A general purpose, cross-platform programming language. This was the first version of the ECMAScript standard.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 2<sup>nd</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%202nd%20edition,%20August%201998.pdf">PDF</a></td>
<td>August 1998</td>
<td>ECMAScript Language Specification. This is the second revision of the ECMAScript standard; also ISO standard 16262.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262,%203rd%20edition,%20December%201999.pdf">PDF</a></td>
<td>December 1999</td>
<td>ECMAScript Language Specification. This is the third revision of the ECMAScript standard; corresponds to JavaScript 1.5.<br>
See also the <a href="https://www.mozilla.org/js/language/E262-3-errata.html">errata</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 5<sup>th</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-ARCH/ECMA-262%205th%20edition%20December%202009.pdf">PDF</a></td>
<td>December 2009</td>
<td>ECMAScript Language Specification. This is the fifth revision of the ECMAScript standard.<br>
See also the <a href="https://wiki.ecmascript.org/doku.php?id=es3.1:es3.1_proposal_working_draft">ES5 errata</a> and <a href="/en-US/docs/JavaScript/ECMAScript_5_support_in_Mozilla" title="JavaScript/ECMAScript 5 support in Mozilla">ECMAScript 5 support in Mozilla</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-357</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/publications/files/ECMA-ST-WITHDRAWN/ECMA-357,%201st%20edition,%20June%202004.pdf">PDF</a></td>
<td>June 2004</td>
<td><a href="/en-US/docs/E4X" title="E4X">ECMAScript for XML (E4X)</a>.<br>
See also the <a class="link-https" href="https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/attachment.cgi?id=169406">E4X errata</a>.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 5.1 Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/Ecma-262.pdf">PDF</a>, <a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/5.1/">HTML</a></td>
<td>June 2011</td>
<td>This version is fully aligned with the 3<sup>rd</sup> edition of the international standard <a href="https://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=55755">ISO/IEC 16262:2011</a>.<br>
It includes ES5 errata fixes, no new features.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-402 1<sup>st</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://ecma-international.org/ecma-402/1.0/ECMA-402.pdf">PDF</a>, <a href="https://ecma-international.org/ecma-402/1.0/index.html">HTML</a></td>
<td>December 2012</td>
<td>ECMAScript Internationalization API Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 6<sup>th</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/ECMA-262.pdf">PDF</a>, <a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/6.0/index.html">HTML</a></td>
<td>June 2015</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2015 Language Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-402 2<sup>nd</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-402/2.0/ECMA-402.pdf">PDF</a></td>
<td>June 2015</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2015 Internationalization API Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 7<sup>th</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/7.0/">HTML</a></td>
<td>June 2016</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2016 Language Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-402 3<sup>rd</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-402/3.0/">HTML</a></td>
<td>June 2016</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2016 Internationalization API Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-262 8<sup>th</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-262/8.0/">HTML</a></td>
<td>June 2017</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2017 Language Specification</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMA-402 4<sup>th</sup> Edition</td>
<td><a href="https://www.ecma-international.org/ecma-402/4.0/">HTML</a></td>
<td>June 2017</td>
<td>ECMAScript 2017 Internationalization API Specification</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p><strong>ES.Next</strong> is a dynamic name that refers to whatever the next version is at the time of writing. ES.Next features are more correctly called proposals, because, by definition, the specification has not been finalized yet.</p>
<p>See <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript" title="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECMAScript">Wikipedia ECMAScript entry</a> for more information on ECMAScript history.</p>
<p>You can participate in or just track the work on the next revisions of the ECMAScript Language Specification, code-named "Harmony", and the ECMAScript Internationalization API Specification via public wiki and the <a class="link-https" href="https://mail.mozilla.org/listinfo/es-discuss" title="https://mail.mozilla.org/listinfo/es-discuss">es-discuss mailing list</a> linked from <a href="https://www.ecmascript.org/community.php" title="https://www.ecmascript.org/community.php">ecmascript.org</a>.</p>
<h2 id="Implementations">Implementations</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/SpiderMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">SpiderMonkey</a> - the JavaScript engine used in various Mozilla products, including Firefox;</li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Rhino" title="Rhino">Rhino</a> - the JavaScript engine is written in Java;</li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Tamarin" title="Tamarin">Tamarin</a> - the ActionScript virtual machine (used in the Adobe® Flash® Player);</li>
<li><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ECMAScript_engines" title="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ECMAScript_engines">Other implementations</a> (Wikipedia).</li>
</ul>
<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://brendaneich.com/" title="https://brendaneich.com/">Brendan Eich's blog</a>. Brendan is the creator of JavaScript and the SpiderMonkey JS engine. He still works with the ECMA working group to evolve the language.</li>
<li><a href="http://dmitrysoshnikov.com/" title="http://dmitrysoshnikov.com/">Dmitry Soshnikov's analysis of ECMA-262 Edition 3 and 5</a></li>
</ul>
|
