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---
title: Compositing 示例
slug: Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Compositing/Example
tags:
- Canvas
- Example
- Graphics
- HTML
- HTML5
- Tutorial
translation_of: Web/API/Canvas_API/Tutorial/Compositing/Example
---
<div>{{CanvasSidebar}}</div>
<p>这个案例程序演示了一些<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CanvasRenderingContext2D.globalCompositeOperation">图像合成操作</a>,其结果如下所示:</p>
<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("合成示例", "100%", 7250)}}</p>
<h2 id="合成示例">合成示例</h2>
<p>下面的代码定义了一些全局变量,可用于程序的其他部分。</p>
<pre class="brush: js">var canvas1 = document.createElement("canvas");
var canvas2 = document.createElement("canvas");
var gco = [ 'source-over','source-in','source-out','source-atop',
'destination-over','destination-in','destination-out','destination-atop',
'lighter', 'copy','xor', 'multiply', 'screen', 'overlay', 'darken',
'lighten', 'color-dodge', 'color-burn', 'hard-light', 'soft-light',
'difference', 'exclusion', 'hue', 'saturation', 'color', 'luminosity'
].reverse();
var gcoText = [
'这是默认设置,并在现有画布上下文之上绘制新图形。',
'新图形只在新图形和目标画布重叠的地方绘制。其他的都是透明的。',
'在不与现有画布内容重叠的地方绘制新图形。',
'新图形只在与现有画布内容重叠的地方绘制。',
'在现有的画布内容后面绘制新的图形。',
'现有的画布内容保持在新图形和现有画布内容重叠的位置。其他的都是透明的。',
'现有内容保持在新图形不重叠的地方。',
'现有的画布只保留与新图形重叠的部分,新的图形是在画布内容后面绘制的。',
'两个重叠图形的颜色是通过颜色值相加来确定的。',
'只显示新图形。',
'图像中,那些重叠和正常绘制之外的其他地方是透明的。',
'将顶层像素与底层相应像素相乘,结果是一幅更黑暗的图片。',
'像素被倒转,相乘,再倒转,结果是一幅更明亮的图片。',
'multiply和screen的结合,原本暗的地方更暗,原本亮的地方更亮。',
'保留两个图层中最暗的像素。',
'保留两个图层中最亮的像素。',
'将底层除以顶层的反置。',
'将反置的底层除以顶层,然后将结果反过来。',
'屏幕相乘(A combination of multiply and screen)类似于叠加,但上下图层互换了。',
'用顶层减去底层或者相反来得到一个正值。',
'一个柔和版本的强光(hard-light)。纯黑或纯白不会导致纯黑或纯白。',
'和difference相似,但对比度较低。',
'保留了底层的亮度(luma)和色度(chroma),同时采用了顶层的色调(hue)。',
'保留底层的亮度(luma)和色调(hue),同时采用顶层的色度(chroma)。',
'保留了底层的亮度(luma),同时采用了顶层的色调(hue)和色度(chroma)。',
'保持底层的色调(hue)和色度(chroma),同时采用顶层的亮度(luma)。'
].reverse();
var width = 320;
var height = 340;
</pre>
<h3 id="主程序">主程序</h3>
<p>当页面加载时,这部分程序会运行,并执行示例代码:</p>
<pre class="brush: js">window.onload = function() {
// lum in sRGB
var lum = {
r: 0.33,
g: 0.33,
b: 0.33
};
// resize canvas
canvas1.width = width;
canvas1.height = height;
canvas2.width = width;
canvas2.height = height;
lightMix()
colorSphere();
runComposite();
return;
};
</pre>
<p>这部分代码,,<code>runComposite()</code>,处理了大部分的工作,但需要依赖于许多效用函数来完成复杂的处理工作。</p>
<pre class="brush: js">function createCanvas() {
var canvas = document.createElement("canvas");
canvas.style.background = "url("+op_8x8.data+")";
canvas.style.border = "1px solid #000";
canvas.style.margin = "5px";
canvas.width = width/2;
canvas.height = height/2;
return canvas;
}
function runComposite() {
var dl = document.createElement("dl");
document.body.appendChild(dl);
while(gco.length) {
var pop = gco.pop();
var dt = document.createElement("dt");
dt.textContent = pop;
dl.appendChild(dt);
var dd = document.createElement("dd");
var p = document.createElement("p");
p.textContent = gcoText.pop();
dd.appendChild(p);
var canvasToDrawOn = createCanvas();
var canvasToDrawFrom = createCanvas();
var canvasToDrawResult = createCanvas();
var ctx = canvasToDrawResult.getContext('2d');
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height)
ctx.save();
ctx.drawImage(canvas1, 0, 0, width/2, height/2);
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = pop;
ctx.drawImage(canvas2, 0, 0, width/2, height/2);
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "source-over";
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,0.8)";
ctx.fillRect(0, height/2 - 20, width/2, 20);
ctx.fillStyle = "#FFF";
ctx.font = "14px arial";
ctx.fillText(pop, 5, height/2 - 5);
ctx.restore();
var ctx = canvasToDrawOn.getContext('2d');
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height)
ctx.save();
ctx.drawImage(canvas1, 0, 0, width/2, height/2);
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,0.8)";
ctx.fillRect(0, height/2 - 20, width/2, 20);
ctx.fillStyle = "#FFF";
ctx.font = "14px arial";
ctx.fillText('existing content', 5, height/2 - 5);
ctx.restore();
var ctx = canvasToDrawFrom.getContext('2d');
ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height)
ctx.save();
ctx.drawImage(canvas2, 0, 0, width/2, height/2);
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,0,0.8)";
ctx.fillRect(0, height/2 - 20, width/2, 20);
ctx.fillStyle = "#FFF";
ctx.font = "14px arial";
ctx.fillText('new content', 5, height/2 - 5);
ctx.restore();
dd.appendChild(canvasToDrawOn);
dd.appendChild(canvasToDrawFrom);
dd.appendChild(canvasToDrawResult);
dl.appendChild(dd);
}
};
</pre>
<h3 id="效用函数(Utility_functions)">效用函数(Utility functions)</h3>
<p>程序需要依赖许多效用函数。</p>
<pre class="brush: js">var lightMix = function() {
var ctx = canvas2.getContext("2d");
ctx.save();
ctx.globalCompositeOperation = "lighter";
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(255,0,0,1)";
ctx.arc(100, 200, 100, Math.PI*2, 0, false);
ctx.fill()
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,0,255,1)";
ctx.arc(220, 200, 100, Math.PI*2, 0, false);
ctx.fill()
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0,255,0,1)";
ctx.arc(160, 100, 100, Math.PI*2, 0, false);
ctx.fill();
ctx.restore();
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = "#f00";
ctx.fillRect(0,0,30,30)
ctx.fill();
};
</pre>
<pre class="brush: js">var colorSphere = function(element) {
var ctx = canvas1.getContext("2d");
var width = 360;
var halfWidth = width / 2;
var rotate = (1 / 360) * Math.PI * 2; // per degree
var offset = 0; // scrollbar offset
var oleft = -20;
var otop = -20;
for (var n = 0; n <= 359; n ++) {
var gradient = ctx.createLinearGradient(oleft + halfWidth, otop, oleft + halfWidth, otop + halfWidth);
var color = Color.HSV_RGB({ H: (n + 300) % 360, S: 100, V: 100 });
gradient.addColorStop(0, "rgba(0,0,0,0)");
gradient.addColorStop(0.7, "rgba("+color.R+","+color.G+","+color.B+",1)");
gradient.addColorStop(1, "rgba(255,255,255,1)");
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(oleft + halfWidth, otop);
ctx.lineTo(oleft + halfWidth, otop + halfWidth);
ctx.lineTo(oleft + halfWidth + 6, otop);
ctx.fillStyle = gradient;
ctx.fill();
ctx.translate(oleft + halfWidth, otop + halfWidth);
ctx.rotate(rotate);
ctx.translate(-(oleft + halfWidth), -(otop + halfWidth));
}
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.fillStyle = "#00f";
ctx.fillRect(15,15,30,30)
ctx.fill();
return ctx.canvas;
};
</pre>
<pre class="brush: js">// HSV (1978) = H: Hue / S: Saturation / V: Value
Color = {};
Color.HSV_RGB = function (o) {
var H = o.H / 360,
S = o.S / 100,
V = o.V / 100,
R, G, B;
var A, B, C, D;
if (S == 0) {
R = G = B = Math.round(V * 255);
} else {
if (H >= 1) H = 0;
H = 6 * H;
D = H - Math.floor(H);
A = Math.round(255 * V * (1 - S));
B = Math.round(255 * V * (1 - (S * D)));
C = Math.round(255 * V * (1 - (S * (1 - D))));
V = Math.round(255 * V);
switch (Math.floor(H)) {
case 0:
R = V;
G = C;
B = A;
break;
case 1:
R = B;
G = V;
B = A;
break;
case 2:
R = A;
G = V;
B = C;
break;
case 3:
R = A;
G = B;
B = V;
break;
case 4:
R = C;
G = A;
B = V;
break;
case 5:
R = V;
G = A;
B = B;
break;
}
}
return {
R: R,
G: G,
B: B
};
};
var createInterlace = function (size, color1, color2) {
var proto = document.createElement("canvas").getContext("2d");
proto.canvas.width = size * 2;
proto.canvas.height = size * 2;
proto.fillStyle = color1; // top-left
proto.fillRect(0, 0, size, size);
proto.fillStyle = color2; // top-right
proto.fillRect(size, 0, size, size);
proto.fillStyle = color2; // bottom-left
proto.fillRect(0, size, size, size);
proto.fillStyle = color1; // bottom-right
proto.fillRect(size, size, size, size);
var pattern = proto.createPattern(proto.canvas, "repeat");
pattern.data = proto.canvas.toDataURL();
return pattern;
};
var op_8x8 = createInterlace(8, "#FFF", "#eee");</pre>
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