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---
title: Window.devicePixelRatio
slug: Web/API/Window/devicePixelRatio
translation_of: Web/API/Window/devicePixelRatio
---
<p>{{APIRef}}</p>
<p>{{domxref("Window")}} 接口的<code><strong>devicePixelRatio</strong></code>返回当前显示设备的<em>物理像素</em>分辨率与<em>CSS像素</em>分辨率之比。 此值也可以解释为像素大小的比率:一个CSS像素的大小与一个物理像素的大小。 简单来说,它告诉浏览器应使用多少屏幕实际像素来绘制单个CSS像素。</p>
<p>当处理标准显示器与HiDPI或Retina显示器之间的差异时,这很有用,后者使用更多的屏幕像素绘制相同的对象,从而获得更清晰的图像。</p>
<p>您可以使用{{domxref("Window.matchMedia", "window.matchMedia()")}} 检查<code>devicePixelRatio</code>的值是否发生更改(例如,如果用户将窗口拖动到带有 不同的像素密度)。 请参阅{{anch("Monitoring screen resolution or zoom level changes", "下面的例子")}}.。</p>
<h2 id="Summary" name="Summary">语法</h2>
<pre class="syntaxbox"><em><var>value</var></em> = window.devicePixelRatio;
</pre>
<h3 id="值Value">值Value</h3>
<p>一个双精度浮点值,指示显示器的物理像素分辨率与CSS像素分辨率之比。 值1表示经典96 DPI(在某些平台上为76 DPI)显示,而对于HiDPI / Retina显示屏则期望值为2。 在异常低分辨率的显示器中,或更常见的是,当屏幕的像素深度比简单地将96或76 DPI的标准分辨率提高一倍时,可能还会返回其他值。</p>
<h2 id="例子">例子</h2>
<h3 id="在_<canvas>_中更正分辨率">在 <code><canvas></code> 中更正分辨率</h3>
<p>{{htmlelement("canvas")}}可能在视网膜屏幕上显得太模糊。 使用<code>window.devicePixelRatio</code>确定应添加多少额外的像素密度以使图像更清晰。</p>
<h4 id="HTML">HTML</h4>
<pre><canvas id="canvas"></canvas></pre>
<h4 id="JavaScript">JavaScript</h4>
<pre>var canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
var ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
// Set display size (css pixels).
var size = 200;
canvas.style.width = size + "px";
canvas.style.height = size + "px";
// Set actual size in memory (scaled to account for extra pixel density).
var scale = window.devicePixelRatio; // Change to 1 on retina screens to see blurry canvas.
canvas.width = Math.floor(size * scale);
canvas.height = Math.floor(size * scale);
// Normalize coordinate system to use css pixels.
ctx.scale(scale, scale);
ctx.fillStyle = "#bada55";
ctx.fillRect(10, 10, 300, 300);
ctx.fillStyle = "#ffffff";
ctx.font = '18px Arial';
ctx.textAlign = 'center';
ctx.textBaseline = 'middle';
var x = size / 2;
var y = size / 2;
var textString = "I love MDN";
ctx.fillText(textString, x, y);</pre>
<h2 id="sect1"><img alt="This image describe the impact of different value on retina display. " src="https://mdn.mozillademos.org/files/15023/devicePixelRation%20Diff..png"></h2>
<h3 id="监视屏幕分辨率或缩放级别的更改">监视屏幕分辨率或缩放级别的更改</h3>
<p>在此示例中,我们将设置一个媒体查询并观看它以查看设备分辨率何时更改,以便我们可以检查<code>devicePixelRatio</code>的值来处理所需的任何更新。</p>
<h4 id="JavaScript_2">JavaScript</h4>
<p>JavaScript代码创建媒体查询,以监控设备分辨率并在每次更改时检查<code>devicePixelRatio</code>的值。</p>
<pre>let pixelRatioBox = document.querySelector(".pixel-ratio");
let mqString = `(resolution: ${window.devicePixelRatio}dppx)`;
const updatePixelRatio = () => {
let pr = window.devicePixelRatio;
let prString = (pr * 100).toFixed(0);
pixelRatioBox.innerText = `${prString}% (${pr.toFixed(2)})`;
}
updatePixelRatio();
matchMedia(mqString).addListener(updatePixelRatio);
</pre>
<p>字符串<code>mqString</code>设置为媒体查询本身。 媒体查询以<code>(resolution: 1dppx)</code>(对于标准显示)或<code>(resolution: 2dppx)</code>(对于Retina / HiDPI显示)开始,检查当前显示分辨率是否与每个像素<code>px</code>的实际设备像素点匹配。</p>
<p><code>updatePixelRatio()</code>函数获取<code>devicePixelRatio</code>的当前值,然后将<code>pixelRatioBox</code>的 {{domxref("HTMLElement.innerText", "innerText")}}设置为一个字符串,该字符串同时显示百分比和原始十进制值比率,最多两位小数。</p>
<p>然后,调用<code>updatePixelRatio()</code>函数一次以显示起始值,然后使用{{domxref("Window.matchMedia", "matchMedia()")}} 和 {{domxref("EventTarget.addEventListener", "addEventListener()")}}来将<code>updatePixelRatio()</code>设置为<code>change</code>事件的处理程序。</p>
<h4 id="HTML_2">HTML</h4>
<p>HTML将创建包含说明的框和将显示当前像素比率信息的<code>pixel-ratio</code> 框。</p>
<pre><div class="container">
<div class="inner-container">
<p>This example demonstrates the effect of zooming the page in
and out (or moving it to a screen with a different scaling
factor) on the value of the property <code>Window.devicePixelRatio</code>.
Try it and watch what happens!</p>
</div>
<div class="pixel-ratio"></div>
</div></pre>
<details><summary>
<h4 id="CSS">CSS</h4>
</summary>
<pre>body {
font: 22px arial, sans-serif;
}
.container {
top: 2em;
width: 22em;
height: 14em;
border: 2px solid #22d;
margin: 0 auto;
padding: 0;
background-color: #a9f;
}
.inner-container {
padding: 1em 2em;
text-align: justify;
text-justify: auto;
}
.pixel-ratio {
position: relative;
margin: auto;
height: 1.2em;
text-align: right;
bottom: 0;
right: 1em;
font-weight: bold;
}</pre>
</details>
<h4 id="Result">Result</h4>
<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("Monitoring_screen_resolution_or_zoom_level_changes", "100%", 500)}}</p>
<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName("CSSOM View", "#dom-window-devicepixelratio", "Window.devicePixelRatio")}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2("CSSOM View")}}</td>
<td>Initial definition</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="Browser_compatibility" name="Browser_compatibility">浏览器兼容性</h2>
<p>The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</p>
<p>{{Compat("api.Window.devicePixelRatio")}}</p>
<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="https://wiki.developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries">Media queries</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/Media_Queries/Using_media_queries">Using media queries</a></li>
<li><a href="https://wiki.developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/@media/resolution">CSS <code>resolution</code> media query</a></li>
<li></li>
</ul>
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