path: root/files/zh-cn/web/html/element/col/index.html

---
title: <col>
slug: Web/HTML/Element/col
translation_of: Web/HTML/Element/col
---
<p>{{HTMLRef}}</p>

<p><strong>HTML <code>&lt;col&gt;</code> 元素</strong> 定义表格中的列，并用于定义所有公共单元格上的公共语义。它通常位于{{HTMLElement("colgroup")}}元素内。</p>

<p>此元素允许使用 CSS 进行样式列，但只有少数属性将对该列产生影响（请参阅列表的<a href="https://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/tables.html#columns">CSS 2.1 规范</a>）。</p>

<ul class="htmlelt">
 <li><dfn><a href="/en-US/docs/HTML/Content_categories" title="HTML/Content_categories">Content categories</a></dfn> None.</li>
 <li><dfn>Permitted content</dfn> None, it is an {{Glossary("empty element")}}.</li>
 <li><dfn>Tag omission</dfn> The <span title="syntax-start-tag">start tag</span> is mandatory, but, as it is a void element, the <span title="syntax-end-tag">use of an end tag</span> is forbidden.</li>
 <li><dfn>Permitted parent elements</dfn> {{HTMLElement("colgroup")}} only, though it can be implicitly defined as its start tag is not mandatory. The {{HTMLElement("colgroup")}} must not have a {{htmlattrxref("span", "colgroup")}} attribute.</li>
 <li><dfn>Permitted ARIA roles</dfn>None</li>
 <li><dfn>DOM interface</dfn> {{domxref("HTMLTableColElement")}}</li>
</ul>

<h2 id="属性">属性</h2>

<p><span style="line-height: 21px;">该元素包含一些全局属性 </span><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/HTML/Global_attributes" style="line-height: 21px;" title="HTML/Global attributes">全局属性</a><span style="line-height: 21px;">.</span></p>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("align")}} {{Deprecated_inline("html4.01")}}, {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This enumerated attribute specifies how horizontal alignment of each column cell content will be handled. Possible values are:
 <ul>
  <li><code>left</code>, aligning the content to the left of the cell</li>
  <li><code>center</code>, centering the content in the cell</li>
  <li><code>right</code>, aligning the content to the right of the cell</li>
  <li><code>justify</code>, inserting spaces into the textual content so that the content is justified in the cell</li>
  <li><code>char</code>, aligning the textual content on a special character with a minimal offset, defined by the {{htmlattrxref("char", "col")}} and {{htmlattrxref("charoff", "col")}} attributes {{unimplemented_inline(2212)}}.</li>
 </ul>

 <p>If this attribute is not set, its value is inherited from the {{htmlattrxref("align", "colgroup")}} of the {{HTMLElement("colgroup")}} element this <code>&lt;col&gt;</code> element belongs too. If there are none, the <code>left</code> value is assumed.</p>

 <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (not supported) in the latest standard.

 <ul>
  <li>To achieve the same effect as the <code>left</code>, <code>center</code>, <code>right</code> or <code>justify</code> values:

   <ul>
    <li>Do not try to set the {{cssxref("text-align")}} property on a selector giving a {{HTMLElement("col")}} element. Because {{HTMLElement("td")}} elements are not descendant of the {{HTMLElement("col")}} element, they won't inherit it.</li>
    <li>If the table doesn't use a {{htmlattrxref("colspan", "td")}} attribute, use the <code>td:nth-child(an+b)</code> CSS selector where a is the total number of the columns in the table and b is the ordinal position of the column in the table. Only after this selector the {{cssxref("text-align")}} property can be used.</li>
    <li>If the table does use a {{htmlattrxref("colspan", "td")}} attribute, the effect can be achieved by combining adequate CSS attribute selectors like <code>[colspan=n]</code>, though this is not trivial.</li>
   </ul>
  </li>
  <li>To achieve the same effect as the <code>char</code> value, in CSS3, you can use the value of the {{htmlattrxref("char", "col")}} as the value of the {{cssxref("text-align")}} property {{unimplemented_inline}}.</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </dd>
</dl>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("bgcolor")}} {{Non-standard_inline}}</dt>
 <dd>定义列中对应的每个单元格的背景色。其值是 <a class="external" href="http://www.w3.org/Graphics/Color/sRGB">sRGB</a> 定义的 6 位 16 进制代码之一，前缀为 '#'。 也可以使用以下 16 个预定义的颜色字符：
 <table style="width: 80%;">
  <tbody>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: black; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>black</code> = "#000000"</td>
    <td style="background-color: green; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>green</code> = "#008000"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: silver; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>silver</code> = "#C0C0C0"</td>
    <td style="background-color: lime; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>lime</code> = "#00FF00"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: gray; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>gray</code> = "#808080"</td>
    <td style="background-color: olive; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>olive</code> = "#808000"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: white; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>white</code> = "#FFFFFF"</td>
    <td style="background-color: yellow; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>yellow</code> = "#FFFF00"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: maroon; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>maroon</code> = "#800000"</td>
    <td style="background-color: navy; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>navy</code> = "#000080"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: red; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>red</code> = "#FF0000"</td>
    <td style="background-color: blue; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>blue</code> = "#0000FF"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: purple; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>purple</code> = "#800080"</td>
    <td style="background-color: teal; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>teal</code> = "#008080"</td>
   </tr>
   <tr>
    <td style="background-color: fuchsia; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>fuchsia</code> = "#FF00FF"</td>
    <td style="background-color: aqua; width: 24px; height: 24px; border-width: 1px; border-color: black; border-style: solid;"> </td>
    <td><code>aqua</code> = "#00FFFF"</td>
   </tr>
  </tbody>
 </table>

 <div class="note"><strong>注意：不要使用这个属性</strong>, 它是非标准的，并且只实现了 IE 浏览器中的部分版本: {{HTMLElement("col")}} 元素的样式应该使用 <a href="/en-US/docs/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a>. 在{{HTMLElement("td")}}元素上使用 <a href="/en-US/docs/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> 的 {{cssxref("background-color")}} 属性即可实现相同效果。</div>
 </dd>
</dl>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("char")}} {{Deprecated_inline("html4.01")}}, {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute is used to set the character to align the cells in a column on. Typical values for this include a period (.) when attempting to align numbers or monetary values. If {{htmlattrxref("align", "col")}} is not set to <code>char</code>, this attribute is ignored.
 <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard. To achieve the same effect as the {{htmlattrxref("char", "col")}}, in CSS3, you can use the character set using the {{htmlattrxref("char", "col")}} attribute as the value of the {{cssxref("text-align")}} property {{unimplemented_inline}}.</div>
 </dd>
</dl>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("charoff")}} {{Deprecated_inline("html4.01")}}, {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute is used to indicate the number of characters to offset the column data from the alignment characters specified by the <strong>char</strong> attribute.
 <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard.</div>
 </dd>
</dl>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("span")}}</dt>
 <dd>该属性值为一个正整数，表示该 &lt;col&gt; 元素横跨的列数。默认值为 1</dd>
</dl>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("valign")}} {{Deprecated_inline("html4.01")}}, {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute specifies the vertical alignment of the text within each cell of the column. Possible values for this attribute are:
 <ul>
  <li><code>baseline</code>, which will put the text as close to the bottom of the cell as it is possible, but align it on the <a class="external" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baseline_%28typography%29">baseline</a> of the characters instead of the bottom of them. If characters are all of the size, this has the same effect as <code>bottom</code>.</li>
  <li><code>bottom</code>, which will put the text as close to the bottom of the cell as it is possible;</li>
  <li><code>middle</code>, which will center the text in the cell;</li>
  <li>and <code>top</code>, which will put the text as close to the top of the cell as it is possible.</li>
 </ul>

 <div class="note"><strong>Note: </strong>Do not use this attribute as it is obsolete (and not supported) in the latest standard:

 <ul>
  <li>Do not try to set the {{cssxref("vertical-align")}} property on a selector giving a {{HTMLElement("col")}} element. Because {{HTMLElement("td")}} elements are not descendant of the {{HTMLElement("col")}} element, they won't inherit it.</li>
  <li>If the table doesn't use a {{htmlattrxref("colspan", "td")}} attribute, use the <code>td:nth-child(an+b)</code> CSS selector where a is the total number of the columns in the table and b is the ordinal position of the column in the table. Only after this selector the {{cssxref("vertical-align")}} property can be used.</li>
  <li>If the table does use a {{htmlattrxref("colspan", "td")}} attribute, the effect can be achieved by combining adequate CSS attribute selectors like <code>[colspan=n]</code>, though this is not trivial.</li>
 </ul>
 </div>
 </dd>
</dl>

<dl>
 <dt>{{htmlattrdef("width")}} {{obsolete_inline("html5")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute specifies a default width for each column in the current column group. In addition to the standard pixel and percentage values, this attribute might take the special form <code>0*</code>, which means that the width of each column in the group should be the minimum width necessary to hold the column's contents. Relative widths such as <code>0.5*</code> also can be used.</dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>

<p>详见 {{HTMLElement("table")}} 页面 <code>&lt;col&gt;</code> 标签的示例。</p>

<h2 id="Specifications" name="Specifications">规范</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
   <th scope="col">Status</th>
   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('HTML WHATWG', 'tabular-data.html#the-col-element', '&lt;col&gt;')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('HTML WHATWG')}}</td>
   <td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('HTML5 W3C', 'tabular-data.html#the-col-element', '&lt;col&gt;')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('HTML5 W3C')}}</td>
   <td> </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('HTML4.01', 'struct/tables.html#h-11.2.4.2', '&lt;col&gt;')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('HTML4.01')}}</td>
   <td> </td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>

<p>{{CompatibilityTable}}</p>

<div id="compat-desktop">
<table class="compat-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th>Feature</th>
   <th>Chrome</th>
   <th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
   <th>Internet Explorer</th>
   <th>Opera</th>
   <th>Safari</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Basic support</td>
   <td>1.0</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop("1.0")}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>align/valign</code> attribute</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatNo}} {{bug(915)}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>char/charoff</code> attribute</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatNo}} {{bug(2212)}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>bgcolor</code> attribute</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatNo}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatVersionUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<div id="compat-mobile">
<table class="compat-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th>Feature</th>
   <th>Android</th>
   <th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
   <th>IE Mobile</th>
   <th>Opera Mobile</th>
   <th>Safari Mobile</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>Basic support</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatGeckoMobile("1.0")}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>align/valign</code> attribute</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatNo}} {{bug(915)}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>char/charoff</code> attribute</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatNo}} {{bug(2212)}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td><code>bgcolor</code> attribute</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatNo}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
   <td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>
</div>

<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2>

<ul>
 <li>Other table-related HTML Elements: {{HTMLElement("caption")}}, {{HTMLElement("colgroup")}}, {{HTMLElement("table")}}, {{HTMLElement("tbody")}}, {{HTMLElement("td")}}, {{HTMLElement("tfoot")}}, {{HTMLElement("th")}}, {{HTMLElement("thead")}}, {{HTMLElement("tr")}};</li>
 <li>CSS properties and pseudo-classes that may be specially useful to style the <code>&lt;col&gt;</code> element:
  <ul>
   <li>the {{cssxref("width")}} property to control the width of the column;</li>
   <li>the {{cssxref(":nth-child")}} pseudo-class to set the alignment on the cells of the column;</li>
   <li>the {{cssxref("text-align")}} property to align all cells content on the same character, like '.'.</li>
  </ul>
 </li>
</ul>

<p>{{ HTMLRef }}</p>