path: root/files/zh-cn/web/html/element/menu/index.html

---
title: <menu>
slug: Web/HTML/Element/menu
tags:
  - HTML
  - HTML 交互元素
  - UX
  - Web
  - 元素
  - 参考
  - 菜单
translation_of: Web/HTML/Element/menu
---
<div>{{HTMLRef}}{{SeeCompatTable}}</div>

<p><strong>HTML <code>&lt;menu&gt;</code> 元素</strong>呈现了一组用户可执行或激活的命令。这既包含了可能出现在屏幕顶端的列表菜单，也包含了那些隐藏在按钮之下、当点击按钮后显示出来的文本菜单。</p>

<table class="properties">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Content_categories">Content categories</a></th>
   <td><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Content_categories#Flow_content">Flow content</a>. Additionally, if in the <em>list menu</em> state, palpable content. (<em>list menu</em> is the default state, unless the parent element is a {{HTMLElement("menu")}} in the <em>context menu</em> state.)</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">Permitted content</th>
   <td>If the element is in the <em>list menu</em> state: <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Content_categories#Flow_content">flow content</a>, or alternatively, zero or more occurrences of {{HTMLElement("li")}}, {{HTMLElement("script")}}, and {{HTMLElement("template")}}.<br>
    If the element is in the <em>context menu</em> state: zero or more occurrences, in any order, of {{HTMLElement("menu")}} (<em>context menu</em> state only), {{HTMLElement("menuitem")}}, {{HTMLElement("hr")}}, {{HTMLElement("script")}}, and {{HTMLElement("template")}}.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">Tag omission</th>
   <td>{{No_Tag_Omission}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">Permitted parents</th>
   <td>Any element that accepts <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Content_categories#Flow_content">flow content</a>.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">Permitted ARIA roles</th>
   <td>None</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <th scope="row">DOM interface</th>
   <td>{{DOMxRef("HTMLMenuElement")}}</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="属性">属性</h2>

<p>该元素支持<a href="/en-US/HTML/Global_attributes">全局属性</a>，以及以下属性。</p>

<dl>
 <dt>{{HTMLAttrDef("label")}} {{Deprecated_inline}}</dt>
 <dd>The name of the menu as shown to the user. Used within nested menus, to provide a label through which the submenu can be accessed. Must only be specified when the parent element is a {{HTMLElement("menu")}} in the <em>context menu</em> state.</dd>
 <dt>{{HTMLAttrDef("type")}}</dt>
 <dd>This attribute indicates the kind of menu being declared, and can be one of two values.
 <ul>
  <li><code>context</code> {{Deprecated_inline}} : Indicates the <em>popup menu</em> state, which represents a group of commands activated through another element. This might be as a button menu referenced by a {{HTMLAttrxRef("menu", "button")}} attribute of a {{HTMLElement("button")}} element, or as context menu for an element with a <a href="/en-US/docs/HTML/Global_attributes#attr-contextmenu"><code>contextmenu</code></a> attribute. This value is the default if the attribute is missing and the parent element is also a <code>&lt;menu&gt;</code> element.</li>
  <li><code>toolbar</code>: Indicates the <em>toolbar</em> state, which represents a toolbar consisting of a series of commands for user interaction. This might be in the form of an unordered list of {{HTMLElement("li")}} elements, or, if the element has no <code>&lt;li&gt;</code> element children, flow content describing available commands. This value is the default if the attribute is missing.</li>
 </ul>
 </dd>
</dl>

<h2 id="使用备注">使用备注</h2>

<p>{{HTMLElement("menu")}} 和 {{HTMLElement("ul")}} 元素都呈现了无序列表元素。最主要的区别是，{{HTMLElement("ul")}} 主要是为了展示选项，而 {{HTMLElement("menu")}} 则是为了交互。</p>

<p>An HTML menu can be used to create context menus (typically activated by right-clicking another element) or toolbars.</p>

<p><strong>{{anch("Context menu", "Context menus</strong>")}} consist of a <code>&lt;menu&gt;</code> element which contains {{HTMLElement("menuitem")}} elements for each selectable option in the menu, <code>&lt;menu&gt;</code> elements for submenus within the menu, and {{HTMLElement("hr")}} elements for separator lines to break up the menu's content into sections. Context menus are then attached to the element they're activated from using either the associated element's {{HTMLAttrxRef("contextmenu")}} attribute or, for {{anch("Button menu", "button-activated menus")}} attached to {{HTMLElement("button")}} elements, the {{HTMLAttrxRef("menu", "button")}} attribute.</p>

<p><strong>{{anch("Toolbar", "Toolbar menus</strong>")}} consist of a <code>&lt;menu&gt;</code> element whose content is described in one of two ways: either as an unordered list of items represented by {{HTMLElement("li")}} elements (each representing a command or option the user can utilize), or (if there are no <code>&lt;li&gt;</code> elements), <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Content_categories#Flow_content">flow content</a> describing the available commands and options.</p>

<p>这个元素在 HTML4 中被弃用，但在 HTML 5.1 和 HTML living standard 中被重新推荐使用。 这份文档描述的是当前 Firefox 上的实现。根据 HTML 5.1 的规定，{{HTMLElement("list")}} 元素的类型可能会更改为{{HTMLElement("toolbar")}}。</p>

<h2 id="例子">例子</h2>

<h3 id="右键菜单">右键菜单</h3>

<p>{{Deprecated_header}}</p>

<h4 id="HTML">HTML</h4>

<pre class="brush: html;">&lt;!-- A &lt;div&gt; element with a context menu --&gt;
&lt;div contextmenu="popup-menu"&gt;
  Right-click to see the adjusted context menu
&lt;/div&gt;

&lt;menu type="context" id="popup-menu"&gt;
  &lt;menuitem&gt;Action&lt;/menuitem&gt;
  &lt;menuitem&gt;Another action&lt;/menuitem&gt;
  &lt;hr/&gt;
  &lt;menuitem&gt;Separated action&lt;/menuitem&gt;
&lt;/menu&gt;
</pre>

<h4 id="CSS">CSS</h4>

<pre class="brush: css;">div {
  width: 300px;
  height: 80px;
  background-color: lightgreen;
}
</pre>

<h4 id="结果">结果</h4>

<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("Context_menu", "100%", 80)}}</p>

<h3 id="菜单按钮">菜单按钮</h3>

<div class="blockIndicator warning">
<p>Menu buttons haven't been implemented in any known browsers yet. The {{HTMLAttrxRef("type", "menu")}} attribute on the <code>&lt;menu&gt;</code> element is now obsolete.</p>
</div>

<div class="blockIndicator warning">
<p>{{HTMLElement("menuitem")}} element is obsolete.</p>
</div>

<h4 id="HTML_2">HTML</h4>

<pre class="brush: html;">&lt;!-- A button, which displays a menu when clicked. --&gt;
&lt;button type="menu" menu="popup-menu"&gt;
  Dropdown
&lt;/button&gt;

&lt;menu type="context" id="popup-menu"&gt;
  &lt;menuitem&gt;Action&lt;/menuitem&gt;
  &lt;menuitem&gt;Another action&lt;/menuitem&gt;
  &lt;hr/&gt;
  &lt;menuitem&gt;Separated action&lt;/menuitem&gt;
&lt;/menu&gt;
</pre>

<h4 id="Result">Result</h4>

<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("Menu_button", "100%", 50)}}</p>

<h3 id="Toolbar" name="Toolbar">Toolbar</h3>

<div class="blockIndicator warning">
<p>Toolbar menus haven't been implemented in any known browsers yet.</p>
</div>

<h4 id="HTML_3">HTML</h4>

<pre class="brush: html;">&lt;!-- A context menu for a simple editor,
   - containing two menu buttons. --&gt;
&lt;menu type="toolbar"&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;
    &lt;button type="menu" menu="file-menu"&gt;File&lt;/button&gt;
    &lt;menu type="context" id="file-menu"&gt;
      &lt;menuitem label="New..." onclick="newFile()"&gt;
      &lt;menuitem label="Save..." onclick="saveFile()"&gt;
    &lt;/menu&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;
  &lt;li&gt;
    &lt;button type="menu" menu="edit-menu"&gt;Edit&lt;/button&gt;
    &lt;menu type="context" id="edit-menu"&gt;
      &lt;menuitem label="Cut..." onclick="cutEdit()"&gt;
      &lt;menuitem label="Copy..." onclick="copyEdit()"&gt;
      &lt;menuitem label="Paste..." onclick="pasteEdit()"&gt;
    &lt;/menu&gt;
  &lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/menu&gt;
</pre>

<h4 id="结果_2">结果</h4>

<p>{{EmbedLiveSample("Toolbar", "100%", 100)}}</p>

<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <thead>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">规范</th>
   <th scope="col">状态</th>
   <th scope="col">备注</th>
  </tr>
 </thead>
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("HTML WHATWG", "grouping-content.html#the-menu-element", "&lt;menu&gt;")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("HTML WHATWG")}}</td>
   <td>No change from latest snapshot, {{SpecName("HTML5.3")}}</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("HTML5.3", "grouping-content.html#the-menu-element", "&lt;menu&gt;")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("HTML5.3")}}</td>
   <td>No changes</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("HTML5.2", "grouping-content.html#the-menu-element", "&lt;menu&gt;")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("HTML5.2")}}</td>
   <td>Snapshot of the {{SpecName("HTML WHATWG")}}.<br>
    Removed the <code>context</code> type.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName("HTML5.1", "interactive-elements.html#the-menu-element", "&lt;menu&gt;")}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2("HTML5.1")}}</td>
   <td>Snapshot of the {{SpecName("HTML WHATWG")}}.<br>
    Initial definition.</td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>



<p>{{Compat("html.elements.menu")}}</p>

<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>

<ul>
 <li>Other list-related HTML Elements: {{HTMLElement("ol")}}, {{HTMLElement("ul")}}, {{HTMLElement("li")}}, {{HTMLElement("hr")}}, and the obsolete {{HTMLElement("dir")}}.</li>
 <li>The <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes#attr-contextmenu"><code>contextmenu</code></a> <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Global_attributes">global attribute</a> can be used on an element to refer to the <code>id</code> of a <code>menu</code> with {{HTMLAttrxRef("type", "menu", 'type="context"')}}.</li>
</ul>

<div>{{HTMLRef}}</div>