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---
title: 方法的定义
slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions
tags:
  - ECMAScript 2015
  - Functions
  - JavaScript
  - Object
  - 语法
translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/Method_definitions
---
<div>{{JsSidebar("Functions")}}</div>

<p>从ECMAScript 2015开始,在对象初始器中引入了一种更简短定义方法的语法,这是一种把方法名直接赋给函数的简写方式。</p>

<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/js/functions-definitions.html")}}</div>

<p class="hidden">这个交互式例子的源代码位于 GitHub 仓库中。如果你想对这个交互式的样例做出一些贡献,请克隆 <a href="https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples">https://github.com/mdn/interactive-examples</a> 然后提一个 pull request 给我们。</p>

<h2 id="语法">语法</h2>

<pre class="syntaxbox">var obj = {
  <var>property</var>( <var>parameters…</var> ) {},
  *<var>generator</var>( <var>parameters…</var> ) {},
  async property( <var>parameters…</var> ) {},
  async* generator( <var>parameters…</var> ) {},

  // with computed keys:
  [property]( <var>parameters…</var> ) {},
  *[generator]( <var>parameters…</var> ) {},
  async [property]( <var>parameters…</var> ) {},

  // compare getter/setter syntax:
  get <var>property</var>() {},
  set <var>property</var>(<var>value</var>) {}
};
</pre>

<h2 id="描述">描述</h2>

<p>该简写语法与ECMAScript 2015的<a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/get">getter</a><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/set">setter</a>语法类似。</p>

<p>如下代码:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var obj = {
  foo: function() {
    /* code */
  },
  bar: function() {
    /* code */
  }
};</pre>

<p>现可被简写为:</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var obj = {
  foo() {
    /* code */
  },
  bar() {
    /* code */
  }
};</pre>

<div class="note">
<p><strong>注意:</strong>简写语法使用命名函数而不是匿名函数(如…<code>foo: function() {}</code>…)。命名函数可以从函数体调用(这对匿名函数是不可能的,因为没有标识符可以引用)。详细信息,请参阅{{jsxref("Operators/function","function","#Examples")}}</p>
</div>

<h3 id="生成器方法">生成器方法</h3>

<p><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function*">生成器方法</a>也可以用这种简写语法定义。使用它们时,</p>

<ul>
 <li>简写语法中的星号(*)必须出现在生成器名前,也就是说<code>* g(){}</code>可以正常工作,而<code>g *(){}</code>不行。</li>
 <li>
  <p>非生成器方法定义可能不包含<code>yield</code>关键字。这意味着<a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/Legacy_generator_function">遗留的生成器函数</a>也不会工作,并且将抛出 {{jsxref("SyntaxError")}}。始终使用<code>yield</code>与星号(*)结合使用。</p>
 </li>
</ul>

<pre class="brush: js;highlight[12]">// 用有属性名的语法定义方法(ES6之前):
var obj2 = {
  g: function*() {
    var index = 0;
    while(true)
      yield index++;
  }
};

// 同一个方法,简写语法:
var obj2 = {
  * g() {
    var index = 0;
    while(true)
      yield index++;
  }
};

var it = obj2.g();
console.log(it.next().value); // 0
console.log(it.next().value); // 1</pre>

<h3 id="Async_方法">Async 方法</h3>

<p>{{jsxref("Statements/async_function", "Async 方法", "", 1)}}也可以使用简写语法来定义。</p>

<pre class="brush: js">// 用有属性名的语法定义方法(ES6之前):
var obj3 = {
  f: async function () {
    await some_promise;
  }
};

// 同一个方法,简写语法:
var obj3 = {
  async f() {
    await some_promise;
  }
};</pre>

<h3 id="Async_生成器方法">Async 生成器方法</h3>

<p><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/function*">生成器方法</a>也能成为 {{jsxref("Statements/async_function", "async", "", 1)}}.</p>

<pre class="brush: js">var obj4 = {
  f: async function* () {
    yield 1;
    yield 2;
    yield 3;
  }
};

// The same object using shorthand syntax
var obj4 = {
  async* f() {
   yield 1;
   yield 2;<code>
   yield 3;
  }
};</code></pre>

<h3 id="方法定义不是构造函数">方法定义不是构造函数</h3>

<p>所有方法定义不是构造函数,如果您尝试实例化它们,将抛出{{jsxref("TypeError")}}</p>

<pre class="brush: js example-bad">var obj = {
  method() {}
};
new obj.method; // TypeError: obj.method is not a constructor

var obj = {
  * g() {}
};
new obj.g; // TypeError: obj.g is not a constructor (changed in ES2016)
</pre>

<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>

<h3 id="简单示例">简单示例</h3>

<pre class="brush: js;highlight[3]">var obj = {
  a : "foo",
  b(){ return this.a; }
};
console.log(obj.b()); // "foo"
</pre>

<h3 id="计算的属性名">计算的属性名</h3>

<p>该简写语法还支持计算的属性名称作为方法名。</p>

<pre class="brush: js;highlight[4]">var bar = {
  foo0: function() { return 0; },
  foo1() { return 1; },
  ['foo' + 2]() { return 2; }
};

console.log(bar.foo0()); // 0
console.log(bar.foo1()); // 1
console.log(bar.foo2()); // 2</pre>

<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>

<table class="standard-table">
 <tbody>
  <tr>
   <th scope="col">Specification</th>
   <th scope="col">Status</th>
   <th scope="col">Comment</th>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ES2015', '#sec-method-definitions', 'Method definitions')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ES2015')}}</td>
   <td>Initial definition.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ES2016', '#sec-method-definitions', 'Method definitions')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ES2016')}}</td>
   <td>Changed that generator methods should also not have a [[Construct]] trap and will throw when used with <code>new</code>.</td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
   <td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-method-definitions', 'Method definitions')}}</td>
   <td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
   <td></td>
  </tr>
 </tbody>
</table>

<h2 id="浏览器兼容">浏览器兼容</h2>

<p>{{Compat("javascript.functions.method_definitions")}}</p>

<h2 id="参见">参见</h2>

<ul>
 <li><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/get">get</a></code></li>
 <li><code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions/set">set</a></code></li>
 <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Lexical_grammar">Lexical grammar</a></li>
</ul>