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---
title: String.prototype.substr()
slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/substr
tags:
- String.prototype.substr()
translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/substr
---
<p>{{JSRef}}</p>
<div class="warning">警告： 尽管 <code>String.prototype.substr(…)</code> 没有严格被废弃 (as in "removed from the Web standards"), 但它被认作是遗留的函数并且可以的话应该避免使用。它并非JavaScript核心语言的一部分，未来将可能会被移除掉。如果可以的话，使用 <code><a href="/zh-CN/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/String/substring">substring()</a></code> 替代它.</div>
<p><code><strong>substr()</strong></code> 方法返回一个字符串中从指定位置开始到指定字符数的字符。</p>
<h2 id="Syntax">语法</h2>
<pre class="syntaxbox"><code><em>str</em>.substr(<em>start</em>[, <em>length</em>])</code></pre>
<h3 id="Parameters">参数</h3>
<dl>
<dt><code>start</code></dt>
<dd>开始提取字符的位置。如果为负值，则被看作 <code>strLength + </code><code>start，其中</code> <code>strLength</code> 为字符串的长度（例如，如果 <code>start</code> 为 <code>-3，则被看作</code> <code>strLength + (-3)）。</code></dd>
</dl>
<dl>
<dt><code>length</code></dt>
<dd>可选。提取的字符数。</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="Description">描述</h2>
<p><code>start</code> 是一个字符的索引。首字符的索引为 0，最后一个字符的索引为 字符串的长度减去1。<code>substr</code> 从 <code>start</code> 位置开始提取字符，提取 <code>length</code> 个字符（或直到字符串的末尾）。</p>
<p>如果 <code>start</code> 为正值，且大于或等于字符串的长度，则 <code>substr</code> 返回一个空字符串。</p>
<p>如果 <code>start</code> 为负值，则 <code>substr</code> 把它作为从字符串末尾开始的一个字符索引。如果 <code>start</code> 为负值且 <code>abs(start)</code> 大于字符串的长度，则 <code>substr</code> 使用 0 作为开始提取的索引。注意负的 <code>start</code> 参数不被 Microsoft JScript 所支持。</p>
<p>如果 <code>length</code> 为 0 或负值，则 <code>substr</code> 返回一个空字符串。如果忽略 <code>length</code>，则 <code>substr</code> 提取字符，直到字符串末尾。</p>
<h2 id="示例">示例</h2>
<h3 id="Example:_Using_substr">例子：使用 <code>substr</code></h3>
<pre class="brush: js">var str = "abcdefghij";
console.log("(1,2): " + str.substr(1,2)); // (1,2): bc
console.log("(-3,2): " + str.substr(-3,2)); // (-3,2): hi
console.log("(-3): " + str.substr(-3)); // (-3): hij
console.log("(1): " + str.substr(1)); // (1): bcdefghij
console.log("(-20, 2): " + str.substr(-20,2)); // (-20, 2): ab
console.log("(20, 2): " + str.substr(20,2)); // (20, 2):
</pre>
<h2 id="Description">兼容旧环境（Polyfill）</h2>
<p>Microsoft's JScript 不支持负的 start 索引。如果你想充分利用该方法的功能，则需要使用下面的兼容性代码修复此 bug：</p>
<pre class="brush: js">// only run when the substr function is broken
if ('ab'.substr(-1) != 'b')
{
/**
* Get the substring of a string
* @param {integer} start where to start the substring
* @param {integer} length how many characters to return
* @return {string}
*/
String.prototype.substr = function(substr) {
return function(start, length) {
// did we get a negative start, calculate how much it is
// from the beginning of the string
if (start < 0) start = this.length + start;
// call the original function
return substr.call(this, start, length);
}
}(String.prototype.substr);
}</pre>
<h2 id="规范">规范</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>ECMAScript 3rd Edition.</td>
<td>Standard</td>
<td>Defined in the (informative) Compatibility Annex B.<br>
Implemented in JavaScript 1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName('ES5.1', '#sec-B.2.3', 'String.prototype.substr')}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2('ES5.1')}}</td>
<td>Defined in the (informative) Compatibility Annex B</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-string.prototype.substr', 'String.prototype.substr')}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
<td>Defined in the (normative) Annex B for Additional ECMAScript Features for Web Browsers</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2>
<p>{{ CompatibilityTable() }}</p>
<div>
<table class="compat-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Chrome</th>
<th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
<th>Internet Explorer</th>
<th>Opera</th>
<th>Safari</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Basic support</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div>
<table class="compat-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Android</th>
<th>Chrome for Android</th>
<th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
<th>IE Mobile</th>
<th>Opera Mobile</th>
<th>Safari Mobile</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Basic support</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
<td>{{ CompatVersionUnknown() }}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<p><strong>Note</strong>: Up to version 3.6, Firefox had a bug which caused <code>substr</code> to return empty result when an explicit <code>undefined</code> value was passed in as the <code>length</code>.</p>
<h2 id="See_also">相关链接</h2>
<ul>
<li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.slice()")}}</li>
<li>{{jsxref("String.prototype.substring()")}}</li>
</ul>
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