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---
title: WebDriver
slug: Web/WebDriver
tags:
- WebDriver
translation_of: Web/WebDriver
---
<p>WebDriver 是远程控制接口，可以对用户代理进行控制. 它提供了一个平台和语言中性线协议，作为进程外程序远程指导web浏览器行为的方法</p>
<p>能够编写可在不同平台上的许多浏览器中交替运行的指令集，对于向用户提供一致的体验至关重要。随着web平台上新一轮的开发浪潮、设备的多样化以及对技术之间真正的互操作性的需求，WebDriver为跨浏览器测试提供了工具。</p>
<p>提供了一组接口，用于发现和操作web文档中的DOM元素，并控制用户代理的行为。它的主要目的是允许web作者编写从单独的控制过程中自动执行用户代理的测试，但也可以这样使用，允许浏览器内脚本控制一个（可能是单独的）浏览器。</p>
<h2 id="概念">概念</h2>
<p>要使用WebDriver，您需要 ... 提供如何使用它的高级描述，而不是低级的细节，然后链接到提供安装细节的其他页面。</p>
<p>WebDriver主要涉及四个方面：</p>
<ul>
<li>a</li>
<li>b</li>
<li>c</li>
<li>d</li>
</ul>
<p>这些东西一起工作就像 ... 解释命令、动作等的工作流程。</p>
<h2 id="使用">使用</h2>
<p>那么WebDriver允许你做什么？它看起来是什么样子？因为WebDriver是编程语言中立的，所以这个问题的答案取决于您使用的是哪个WebDriver客户端和语言的选择。</p>
<p>但是使用Python编写的流行客户端，您与WebDriver的交互可能如下所示：</p>
<pre class="notranslate">from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions import presence_of_element_located
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, 10)
with webdriver.Firefox() as driver:
driver.get("http://google.com/ncr")
driver.find_element_by_name("q").send_keys("cheese" + Keys.RETURN)
wait.until(presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "h3>a")))
results = driver.find_elements_by_css_selector("h3>a")
for i, result in results.iteritems():
print("#{}: {} ({})".format(i, result.text, result.get_property("href")))</pre>
<p>这可能会产生与此类似的输出：</p>
<pre class="notranslate">#1 Cheese - Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheese)
</pre>
<h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2>
<h3 id="Commands"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands">Commands</a></h3>
<p>{{ListSubpages("/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Commands")}}</p>
<h3 id="Types"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Types">Types</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors#payload">Error object</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Timeouts">Timeouts object</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/WebElement">WebElement</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/WebWindow">WebWindow</a></li>
</ul>
<h3 id="Capabilities"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities">Capabilities</a></h3>
<p>{{ListSubpages("/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Capabilities")}}</p>
<h3 id="Errors"><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors">Errors</a></h3>
<p>{{ListSubpages("/en-US/docs/Web/WebDriver/Errors")}}</p>
<ul>
</ul>
<h2 id="Tutorials">Tutorials</h2>
<p>List of links to tutorials? We could delete this for now, or link to tutorial elsewhere, until ours are written.</p>
<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>
<p>Include list of links to examples, preferrably in different languages. Don't include actual code blocks here.</p>
<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName('WebDriver')}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2('WebDriver')}}</td>
<td>Initial definition</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>
<p>The compatibility table on this page is generated from structured data. If you'd like to contribute to the data, please check out <a href="https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data">https://github.com/mdn/browser-compat-data</a> and send us a pull request.</p>
<p>{{Compat("webdriver", 2)}}</p>
<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Learn/Tools_and_testing/Cross_browser_testing">Cross browser testing</a></li>
<li><a href="https://seleniumhq.github.io/docs/">Selenium documentation</a> (work in progress)</li>
</ul>
<p>{{QuickLinksWithSubpages}}</p>
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