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---
title: static
slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/static
translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/static
---
<div>{{jsSidebar("Classes")}}</div>
<div>使用關鍵字 <strong>static </strong>來定義一個靜態的方法（method）給類別（class），靜態方法在由類別所建立的物件實體（instance）上不能被呼叫，取而代之的是，靜態方法只能由類別本身呼叫。他們通常作為工具函式（utility functions）使用。像是建立物件或複製物件的函式。</div>
<div></div>
<h2 id="語法">語法</h2>
<pre class="syntaxbox">static methodName() { ... }</pre>
<h2 id="敘述">敘述</h2>
<p>靜態方法不須實例化(instantiating)其類別即可被呼叫，但當類別被實例化(instantiating)後則靜態方法不能被呼叫。 靜態方法常被使用在建立應用程式的工具函式(utility functions)。</p>
<h2 id="範例">範例</h2>
<p>下面的範例示範了許多東西。他示範了如何在一個可以有子類別的類別中實作一個靜態方法。最後示範了靜態方法在什麼情形下正確與錯誤的呼叫。</p>
<pre class="brush: js">class Triple {
static triple(n) {
n = n || 1; //should not be a bitwise operation
return n * 3;
}
}
class BiggerTriple extends Triple {
static triple(n) {
return super.triple(n) * super.triple(n);
}
}
console.log(Triple.triple()); // 3
console.log(Triple.triple(6)); // 18
console.log(BiggerTriple.triple(3)); // 81
var tp = new Triple();
console.log(tp.triple()); // 'tp.triple is not a function'.</pre>
<h2 id="規格">規格</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName('ES6', '#sec-class-definitions', 'Class definitions')}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2('ES6')}}</td>
<td>Initial definition.</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName('ESDraft', '#sec-class-definitions', 'Class definitions')}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2('ESDraft')}}</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="瀏覽器相容性">瀏覽器相容性</h2>
<p>{{CompatibilityTable}}</p>
<div id="compat-desktop">
<table class="compat-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Chrome</th>
<th>Firefox (Gecko)</th>
<th>Internet Explorer</th>
<th>Opera</th>
<th>Safari</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Basic support</td>
<td>{{CompatChrome(42.0)}}</td>
<td>{{CompatGeckoDesktop(45)}}</td>
<td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
<td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
<td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div id="compat-mobile">
<table class="compat-table">
<tbody>
<tr>
<th>Feature</th>
<th>Android</th>
<th>Firefox Mobile (Gecko)</th>
<th>IE Mobile</th>
<th>Opera Mobile</th>
<th>Safari Mobile</th>
<th>Chrome for Android</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Basic support</td>
<td>{{CompatNo}}</td>
<td>{{CompatGeckoMobile(45)}}</td>
<td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
<td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
<td>{{CompatUnknown}}</td>
<td>{{CompatChrome(42.0)}}</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<h2 id="你可能會需要看看">你可能會需要看看</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/class"><code>class</code> expression</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/class"><code>class</code> declaration</a></li>
<li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes">Classes</a></li>
</ul>
|
