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---
title: 'ReferenceError: "x" is not defined'
slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Not_defined
translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Errors/Not_defined
---
<div>{{jsSidebar("Errors")}}</div>
<h2 id="訊息">訊息</h2>
<pre class="syntaxbox">ReferenceError: "x" is not defined
</pre>
<h2 id="錯誤類型">錯誤類型</h2>
<p>{{jsxref("ReferenceError")}}.</p>
<h2 id="哪裡錯了？">哪裡錯了？</h2>
<p>有個地方參照到不存在的變數了。這個變數需要宣告、或確定在目前腳本、或在 {{Glossary("scope")}} 裡可用。</p>
<div class="note">
<p><strong>注意：</strong>如果要使用函式庫（例如 jQuery）的話，請確定在你使用諸如 $ 這樣的函式庫變數前，就已載入完畢。把載入函式庫的 {{HTMLElement("script")}} 標籤，放在你使用的程式碼之前。
</p>
</div>
<h2 id="實例">實例</h2>
<h3 id="變數未宣告">變數未宣告</h3>
<pre class="brush: js example-bad">foo.substring(1); // ReferenceError: foo is not defined
</pre>
<p>"foo" 變數在任何地方都沒被定義到。它需要字串使 {{jsxref("String.prototype.substring()")}} 得以運作。</p>
<pre class="brush: js example-good">var foo = "bar";
foo.substring(1); // "ar"</pre>
<h3 id="作用域錯誤">作用域錯誤</h3>
<p>A variable need to be available in the current context of execution. Variables defined inside a <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Functions">function</a> cannot be accessed from anywhere outside the function, because the variable is defined only in the scope of the function</p>
<pre class="brush: js example-bad">function numbers () {
var num1 = 2,
num2 = 3;
return num1 + num2;
}
console.log(num1); // ReferenceError num1 is not defined.</pre>
<p>However, a function can access all variables and functions defined inside the scope in which it is defined. In other words, a function defined in the global scope can access all variables defined in the global scope.</p>
<pre class="brush: js example-good">var num1 = 2,
num2 = 3;
function numbers () {
return num1 + num2;
}
console.log(num1); // 2</pre>
<h2 id="參閱">參閱</h2>
<ul>
<li>{{Glossary("Scope")}}</li>
<li><a href="/zh-TW/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Grammar_and_types#Declaring_variables">Declaring variables in the JavaScript Guide</a></li>
<li><a href="/zh-TW/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/Functions#Function_scope/en-US/docs/">Function scope in the JavaScript Guide</a></li>
</ul>
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