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authorPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:43:23 -0500
committerPeter Bengtsson <mail@peterbe.com>2020-12-08 14:43:23 -0500
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+---
+title: perspective()
+slug: Web/CSS/transform-function/perspective()
+translation_of: Web/CSS/transform-function/perspective()
+---
+<div>{{CSSRef}}</div>
+
+<p>The <strong><code>perspective()</code></strong> <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS">CSS</a> function defines a transformation that sets the distance between the user and the z=0 plane, the perspective from which the viewer would be if the 2-dimensional interface were 3-dimensional. Its result is a {{cssxref("&lt;transform-function&gt;")}} data type.</p>
+
+<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/css/function-perspective.html")}}</div>
+
+
+
+<p>The <code>perspective()</code> transform function is part of the {{cssxref('transform')}} value applied on the element being transformed. This differs from the {{cssxref('perspective')}} and {{cssxref('perspective-origin')}} properties which are attached to the parent of a child transformed in 3-dimensional space.</p>
+
+<h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2>
+
+<p>The perspective distance used by <code>perspective()</code> is specified by a {{cssxref("&lt;length&gt;")}} value, which represents the distance between the user and the z=0 plane. The z=0 plane is the plane where everything appears in a 2-dimensional view, or the screen. A positive value makes the element appear closer to the user than the rest of the interface, a negative value farther. The greater the value, the further away the perspective of the user is.</p>
+
+<pre class="syntaxbox">perspective(d)
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Values">Values</h3>
+
+<dl>
+ <dt><var>d</var></dt>
+ <dd>Is a {{cssxref("&lt;length&gt;")}} representing the distance from the user to the z=0 plane. If it is 0 or a negative value, no perspective transform is applied.</dd>
+</dl>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <thead>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">Cartesian coordinates on ℝ<sup>2</sup></th>
+ <th scope="col">Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ<sup>2</sup></th>
+ <th scope="col">Cartesian coordinates on ℝ<sup>3</sup></th>
+ <th scope="col">Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ<sup>3</sup></th>
+ </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <td colspan="2" rowspan="2">
+ <p>This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane.</p>
+ </td>
+ <td colspan="1" rowspan="2">This transformation is not a linear transformation in ℝ<sup>3</sup>, and can't be represented using a Cartesian-coordinate matrix.</td>
+ <td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><math> <mfenced><mtable><mtr>1<mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd></mtr><mtr>0<mtd>1</mtd><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>1</mtd><mtd>0</mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd><mtd><mo>−</mo>1<mo>/</mo>d</mtd><mtd>1</mtd></mtr></mtable> </mfenced> </math></td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>
+
+<h3 id="HTML">HTML</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: html">&lt;p&gt;Without perspective:&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;div class="no-perspective-box"&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face front"&gt;A&lt;/div&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face top"&gt;B&lt;/div&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face left"&gt;C&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;With perspective (9cm):&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;div class="perspective-box-far"&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face front"&gt;A&lt;/div&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face top"&gt;B&lt;/div&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face left"&gt;C&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+
+&lt;p&gt;With perspective (4cm):&lt;/p&gt;
+&lt;div class="perspective-box-closer"&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face front"&gt;A&lt;/div&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face top"&gt;B&lt;/div&gt;
+  &lt;div class="face left"&gt;C&lt;/div&gt;
+&lt;/div&gt;
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="CSS">CSS</h3>
+
+<pre class="brush: css">.face {
+  position: absolute;
+  width: 100px;
+  height: 100px;
+  line-height: 100px;
+  font-size: 100px;
+  text-align: center;
+}
+
+p + div {
+  width: 100px;
+  height: 100px;
+  transform-style: preserve-3d;
+  margin-left: 100px;
+}
+.no-perspective-box {
+  transform: rotateX(-15deg) rotateY(30deg);
+}
+
+.perspective-box-far {
+  transform: perspective(9cm) rotateX(-15deg) rotateY(30deg);
+}
+
+.perspective-box-closer {
+  transform: perspective(4cm) rotateX(-15deg) rotateY(30deg);
+}
+
+.top {
+  background-color: skyblue;
+  transform: rotateX(90deg) translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
+}
+
+.left {
+  background-color: pink;
+  transform: rotateY(-90deg) translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
+}
+
+.front {
+  background-color: limegreen;
+  transform: translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
+}
+</pre>
+
+<h3 id="Result">Result</h3>
+
+<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Examples', '250', '350') }}</p>
+
+<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>
+
+<table class="standard-table">
+ <thead>
+ <tr>
+ <th scope="col">Specification</th>
+ <th scope="col">Status</th>
+ <th scope="col">Comment</th>
+ </tr>
+ </thead>
+ <tbody>
+ <tr>
+ <td>{{SpecName("CSS Transforms 2", "#funcdef-perspective", "perspective()")}}</td>
+ <td>{{Spec2("CSS Transforms 2")}}</td>
+ <td>Initial definition</td>
+ </tr>
+ </tbody>
+</table>
+
+<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>
+
+<p>Please see the <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform-function#Browser_compatibility">&lt;transform-function&gt;</a></code> data type for compatibility info.</p>
+
+<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>
+
+<ul>
+ <li>{{cssxref("transform")}}</li>
+ <li>{{cssxref("&lt;transform-function&gt;")}}</li>
+</ul>