1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
|
---
title: perspective()
slug: Web/CSS/transform-function/perspective()
translation_of: Web/CSS/transform-function/perspective()
---
<div>{{CSSRef}}</div>
<p>The <strong><code>perspective()</code></strong> <a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS">CSS</a> function defines a transformation that sets the distance between the user and the z=0 plane, the perspective from which the viewer would be if the 2-dimensional interface were 3-dimensional. Its result is a {{cssxref("<transform-function>")}} data type.</p>
<div>{{EmbedInteractiveExample("pages/css/function-perspective.html")}}</div>
<p>The <code>perspective()</code> transform function is part of the {{cssxref('transform')}} value applied on the element being transformed. This differs from the {{cssxref('perspective')}} and {{cssxref('perspective-origin')}} properties which are attached to the parent of a child transformed in 3-dimensional space.</p>
<h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2>
<p>The perspective distance used by <code>perspective()</code> is specified by a {{cssxref("<length>")}} value, which represents the distance between the user and the z=0 plane. The z=0 plane is the plane where everything appears in a 2-dimensional view, or the screen. A positive value makes the element appear closer to the user than the rest of the interface, a negative value farther. The greater the value, the further away the perspective of the user is.</p>
<pre class="syntaxbox">perspective(d)
</pre>
<h3 id="Values">Values</h3>
<dl>
<dt><var>d</var></dt>
<dd>Is a {{cssxref("<length>")}} representing the distance from the user to the z=0 plane. If it is 0 or a negative value, no perspective transform is applied.</dd>
</dl>
<table class="standard-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Cartesian coordinates on ℝ<sup>2</sup></th>
<th scope="col">Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ<sup>2</sup></th>
<th scope="col">Cartesian coordinates on ℝ<sup>3</sup></th>
<th scope="col">Homogeneous coordinates on ℝℙ<sup>3</sup></th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2">
<p>This transformation applies to the 3D space and can't be represented on the plane.</p>
</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="2">This transformation is not a linear transformation in ℝ<sup>3</sup>, and can't be represented using a Cartesian-coordinate matrix.</td>
<td colspan="1" rowspan="2"><math> <mfenced><mtable><mtr>1<mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd></mtr><mtr>0<mtd>1</mtd><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>1</mtd><mtd>0</mtd></mtr><mtr><mtd>0</mtd><mtd>0</mtd><mtd><mo>−</mo>1<mo>/</mo>d</mtd><mtd>1</mtd></mtr></mtable> </mfenced> </math></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2>
<h3 id="HTML">HTML</h3>
<pre class="brush: html"><p>Without perspective:</p>
<div class="no-perspective-box">
<div class="face front">A</div>
<div class="face top">B</div>
<div class="face left">C</div>
</div>
<p>With perspective (9cm):</p>
<div class="perspective-box-far">
<div class="face front">A</div>
<div class="face top">B</div>
<div class="face left">C</div>
</div>
<p>With perspective (4cm):</p>
<div class="perspective-box-closer">
<div class="face front">A</div>
<div class="face top">B</div>
<div class="face left">C</div>
</div>
</pre>
<h3 id="CSS">CSS</h3>
<pre class="brush: css">.face {
position: absolute;
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
line-height: 100px;
font-size: 100px;
text-align: center;
}
p + div {
width: 100px;
height: 100px;
transform-style: preserve-3d;
margin-left: 100px;
}
.no-perspective-box {
transform: rotateX(-15deg) rotateY(30deg);
}
.perspective-box-far {
transform: perspective(9cm) rotateX(-15deg) rotateY(30deg);
}
.perspective-box-closer {
transform: perspective(4cm) rotateX(-15deg) rotateY(30deg);
}
.top {
background-color: skyblue;
transform: rotateX(90deg) translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
}
.left {
background-color: pink;
transform: rotateY(-90deg) translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
}
.front {
background-color: limegreen;
transform: translate3d(0, 0, 50px);
}
</pre>
<h3 id="Result">Result</h3>
<p>{{ EmbedLiveSample('Examples', '250', '350') }}</p>
<h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2>
<table class="standard-table">
<thead>
<tr>
<th scope="col">Specification</th>
<th scope="col">Status</th>
<th scope="col">Comment</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>{{SpecName("CSS Transforms 2", "#funcdef-perspective", "perspective()")}}</td>
<td>{{Spec2("CSS Transforms 2")}}</td>
<td>Initial definition</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="Browser_compatibility">Browser compatibility</h2>
<p>Please see the <code><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/CSS/transform-function#Browser_compatibility"><transform-function></a></code> data type for compatibility info.</p>
<h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>
<ul>
<li>{{cssxref("transform")}}</li>
<li>{{cssxref("<transform-function>")}}</li>
</ul>
|
