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diff --git a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/classes/private_class_fields/index.html b/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/classes/private_class_fields/index.html deleted file mode 100644 index 70803df8a1..0000000000 --- a/files/zh-cn/web/javascript/reference/classes/private_class_fields/index.html +++ /dev/null @@ -1,199 +0,0 @@ ---- -title: 类私有域 -slug: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/Private_class_fields -tags: - - JavaScript - - 类 - - 语言特性 -translation_of: Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/Private_class_fields ---- -<div>{{JsSidebar("Classes")}}</div> - -<p>类属性在默认情况下是公共的,可以被外部类检测或修改。在<a href="https://github.com/tc39/proposal-class-fields">ES2020 实验草案</a> 中,增加了定义私有类字段的能力,写法是使用一个#作为前缀。</p> - -<h2 id="语法">语法</h2> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">class ClassWithPrivateField { - #privateField -} - -class ClassWithPrivateMethod { - #privateMethod() { - return 'hello world' - } -} - -class ClassWithPrivateStaticField { - static #PRIVATE_STATIC_FIELD -} -</pre> - -<h2 id="例子"> 例子</h2> - -<h3 id="私有静态字段">私有静态字段</h3> - -<p>私有字段可以被类的构造方法(constructor)从内部声明。</p> - -<p>静态变量只能被静态方法调用的限制仍然成立。</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">class ClassWithPrivateStaticField { - static #PRIVATE_STATIC_FIELD - - static publicStaticMethod() { - ClassWithPrivateStaticField.#PRIVATE_STATIC_FIELD = 42 - return ClassWithPrivateStaticField.#PRIVATE_STATIC_FIELD - } -} - -assert(ClassWithPrivateStaticField.publicStaticMethod() === 42)</pre> - -<p>在类评估时,私有静态字段被添加到类构造函数中。</p> - -<p>私有静态字段有一个来源限制, 只有定义该私有静态字段的类能访问该字段。</p> - -<p>这可能会导致:当使用<strong><code>this</code></strong>时出现意想不到的行为。</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">class BaseClassWithPrivateStaticField { - static #PRIVATE_STATIC_FIELD - - static basePublicStaticMethod() { - this.#PRIVATE_STATIC_FIELD = 42 - return this.#PRIVATE_STATIC_FIELD - } -} - -class SubClass extends BaseClassWithPrivateStaticField { } - -assertThrows(() => SubClass.basePublicStaticMethod(), TypeError) -</pre> - -<h3 id="私有实例字段">私有实例字段</h3> - -<p>私有实例字段使用 <strong>#名称</strong>(发音为“哈希名称”)声明,这些名称以 <code>#</code>开头。 <code>#</code>是名称本身的一部分, 声明和访问时也需要加上。</p> - -<p>封装由语言强制执行。 从作用域之外引用#名称是语法错误。</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">class ClassWithPrivateField { - #privateField - - constructor() { - this.#privateField = 42 - this.#randomField = 666 // Syntax error - } -} - -const instance = new ClassWithPrivateField() -instance.#privateField === 42 // Syntax error -</pre> - -<h3 id="私有方法">私有方法</h3> - -<h4 id="私有静态方法">私有静态方法</h4> - -<p>像它们的公有等价方法一样,私有静态方法是在类本身而非类的实例上调用的。 像私有静态字段一样,只能从类声明内部访问它们。</p> - -<p>私有静态方法可能是生成器方法,异步方法和异步生成器方法。</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">class ClassWithPrivateStaticMethod { - static #privateStaticMethod() { - return 42 - } - - static publicStaticMethod1() { - return ClassWithPrivateStaticMethod.#privateStaticMethod(); - } - - static publicStaticMethod2() { - return this.#privateStaticMethod(); - } -} - -assert(ClassWithPrivateStaticField.publicStaticMethod1() === 42); -assert(ClassWithPrivateStaticField.publicStaticMethod2() === 42); -</pre> - -<p>使用<strong><code>this</code></strong>可能会导致意想不到的行为(因为<code>this</code>绑定规则适用)。</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">class Base { - static #privateStaticMethod() { - return 42; - } - static publicStaticMethod1() { - return Base.#privateStaticMethod(); - } - static publicStaticMethod2() { - return this.#privateStaticMethod(); - } -} - -class Derived extends Base {} - -console.log(Derived.publicStaticMethod1()); // 42 -console.log(Derived.publicStaticMethod2()); // TypeError -</pre> - -<h4 id="私有实例方法">私有实例方法</h4> - -<p>私有实例方法是类实例上可用的方法,它们的访问方式与私有实例字段相同。</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">class ClassWithPrivateMethod { - #privateMethod() { - return 'hello world' - } - - getPrivateMessage() { - return this.#privateMethod() - } -} - -const instance = new ClassWithPrivateMethod() -console.log(instance.getPrivateMessage()) -// expected output: "hello world"</pre> - -<p>私有实例方法可以是生成器方法,异步方法或异步生成器方法。 私有的getter和setter也是可能的:</p> - -<pre class="brush: js notranslate">class ClassWithPrivateAccessor { - #message - - get #decoratedMessage() { - return `✨${this.#message}✨` - } - set #decoratedMessage(msg) { - this.#message = msg - } - - constructor() { - this.#decoratedMessage = 'hello world' - console.log(this.#decoratedMessage) - } -} - -new ClassWithPrivateAccessor(); -// expected output: "✨hello world✨" -</pre> - -<h2 id="规范">规范</h2> - -<table class="standard-table"> - <thead> - <tr> - <th scope="col">Specification</th> - </tr> - </thead> - <tbody> - <tr> - <td>{{SpecName('Public and private instance fields', '#prod-FieldDefinition', 'FieldDefinition')}}</td> - </tr> - </tbody> -</table> - -<h2 id="浏览器兼容性">浏览器兼容性</h2> - -<p>{{Compat("javascript.classes.private_class_fields")}}</p> - -<h2 id="相关链接">相关链接</h2> - -<ul> - <li><a href="/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Classes/Public_class_fields">Public class fields</a></li> - <li><a href="https://rfrn.org/~shu/2018/05/02/the-semantics-of-all-js-class-elements.html">The Semantics of All JS Class Elements</a></li> -</ul> |