1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
|
---
title: Exemple de navigation en Ajax
slug: Web/API/History_API/Example
translation_of: Web/API/History_API/Example
original_slug: Web/Guide/DOM/Manipuler_historique_du_navigateur/Example
---
Voici un exemple de site web AJAX composé uniquement de trois pages (_page_un.php_, *page_deux.php* et *page_trois.php*). Pour tester cet exemple, merci de créer les fichiers suivants :
**page_un.php**:
```php
<?php
$page_title = "Page un";
$as_json = false;
if (isset($_GET["view_as"]) && $_GET["view_as"] == "json") {
$as_json = true;
ob_start();
} else {
?>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<?php
include "include/header.php";
echo "<title>" . $page_title . "</title>";
?>
</head>
<body>
<?php include "include/before_content.php"; ?>
<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>first_page.php</strong>.</p>
<div id="ajax-content">
<?php } ?>
<p>This is the content of <strong>first_page.php</strong>.</p>
<?php
if ($as_json) {
echo json_encode(array("page" => $page_title, "content" => ob_get_clean()));
} else {
?>
</div>
<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>first_page.php</strong>.</p>
<?php
include "include/after_content.php";
echo "</body>\n</html>";
}
?>
```
**page_deux.php**:
```php
<?php
$page_title = "Page deux";
$as_json = false;
if (isset($_GET["view_as"]) && $_GET["view_as"] == "json") {
$as_json = true;
ob_start();
} else {
?>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<?php
include "include/header.php";
echo "<title>" . $page_title . "</title>";
?>
</head>
<body>
<?php include "include/before_content.php"; ?>
<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>second_page.php</strong>.</p>
<div id="ajax-content">
<?php } ?>
<p>This is the content of <strong>second_page.php</strong>.</p>
<?php
if ($as_json) {
echo json_encode(array("page" => $page_title, "content" => ob_get_clean()));
} else {
?>
</div>
<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>second_page.php</strong>.</p>
<?php
include "include/after_content.php";
echo "</body>\n</html>";
}
?>
```
**page_trois.php**:
```php
<?php
$page_title = "Page trois";
$page_content = "<p>Ceci est le contenu de la <strong>page_trois.php</strong>. Ce contenu est stocké dans une variable PHP.</p>";
if (isset($_GET["view_as"]) && $_GET["view_as"] == "json") {
echo json_encode(array("page" => $page_title, "content" => $page_content));
} else {
?>
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<?php
include "include/header.php";
echo "<title>" . $page_title . "</title>";
?>
</head>
<body>
<?php include "include/before_content.php"; ?>
<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>third_page.php</strong>.</p>
<div id="ajax-content">
<?php echo $page_content; ?>
</div>
<p>This paragraph is shown only when the navigation starts from <strong>third_page.php</strong>.</p>
<?php
include "include/after_content.php";
echo "</body>\n</html>";
}
?>
```
**css/style.css**:
```css
#ajax-loader {
position: fixed;
display: table;
top: 0;
left: 0;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
}
#ajax-loader > div {
display: table-cell;
width: 100%;
height: 100%;
vertical-align: middle;
text-align: center;
background-color: #000000;
opacity: 0.65;
}
```
**include/after_content.php**:
```php
<p>Ceci est le pied-de-page. Il est commun à toutes les pages ajax.</p>
```
**include/before_content.php**:
```php
<p>
[ <a class="ajax-nav" href="page_un.php">Premier exemple</a>
| <a class="ajax-nav" href="page_deux.php">Second exemple</a>
| <a class="ajax-nav" href="page_trois.php">Troisième exemple</a>
| <a class="ajax-nav" href="inexistante.php">Page inexistante</a> ]
</p>
```
**include/header.php**:
```html
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" />
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/ajax_nav.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css" />
```
**js/ajax_nav.js**:
```js
"use strict";
var ajaxRequest = new (function () {
function closeReq () {
oLoadingBox.parentNode && document.body.removeChild(oLoadingBox);
bIsLoading = false;
}
function abortReq () {
if (!bIsLoading) { return; }
oReq.abort();
closeReq();
}
function ajaxError () {
alert("Unknown error.");
}
function ajaxLoad () {
var vMsg, nStatus = this.status;
switch (nStatus) {
case 200:
vMsg = JSON.parse(this.responseText);
document.title = oPageInfo.title = vMsg.page;
document.getElementById(sTargetId).innerHTML = vMsg.content;
if (bUpdateURL) {
history.pushState(oPageInfo, oPageInfo.title, oPageInfo.url);
bUpdateURL = false;
}
break;
default:
vMsg = nStatus + ": " + (oHTTPStatus[nStatus] || "Unknown");
switch (Math.floor(nStatus / 100)) {
/*
case 1:
// Informational 1xx
console.log("Information code " + vMsg);
break;
case 2:
// Successful 2xx
console.log("Successful code " + vMsg);
break;
case 3:
// Redirection 3xx
console.log("Redirection code " + vMsg);
break;
*/
case 4:
/* Client Error 4xx */
alert("Client Error #" + vMsg);
break;
case 5:
/* Server Error 5xx */
alert("Server Error #" + vMsg);
break;
default:
/* Unknown status */
ajaxError();
}
}
closeReq();
}
function filterURL (sURL, sViewMode) {
return sURL.replace(rSearch, "") + ("?" + sURL.replace(rHost, "&").replace(rView, sViewMode ? "&" + sViewKey + "=" + sViewMode : "").slice(1)).replace(rEndQstMark, "");
}
function getPage (sPage) {
if (bIsLoading) { return; }
oReq = new XMLHttpRequest();
bIsLoading = true;
oReq.onload = ajaxLoad;
oReq.onerror = ajaxError;
if (sPage) { oPageInfo.url = filterURL(sPage, null); }
oReq.open("get", filterURL(oPageInfo.url, "json"), true);
oReq.send();
oLoadingBox.parentNode || document.body.appendChild(oLoadingBox);
}
function requestPage (sURL) {
if (history.pushState) {
bUpdateURL = true;
getPage(sURL);
} else {
/* Ajax navigation is not supported */
location.assign(sURL);
}
}
function processLink () {
if (this.className === sAjaxClass) {
requestPage(this.href);
return false;
}
return true;
}
function init () {
oPageInfo.title = document.title;
for (var oLink, nIdx = 0, nLen = document.links.length; nIdx < nLen; document.links[nIdx++].onclick = processLink);
}
const
/* customizable constants */
sTargetId = "ajax-content", sViewKey = "view_as", sAjaxClass = "ajax-nav",
/* not customizable constants */
rSearch = /\?.*$/, rHost = /^[^\?]*\?*&*/, rView = new RegExp("&" + sViewKey + "\\=[^&]*|&*$", "i"), rEndQstMark = /\?$/,
oLoadingBox = document.createElement("div"), oCover = document.createElement("div"), oLoadingImg = new Image(),
oPageInfo = {
title: null,
url: location.href
}, oHTTPStatus = /* http://www.iana.org/assignments/http-status-codes/http-status-codes.xml */ {
100: "Continue",
101: "Switching Protocols",
102: "Processing",
200: "OK",
201: "Created",
202: "Accepted",
203: "Non-Authoritative Information",
204: "No Content",
205: "Reset Content",
206: "Partial Content",
207: "Multi-Status",
208: "Already Reported",
226: "IM Used",
300: "Multiple Choices",
301: "Moved Permanently",
302: "Found",
303: "See Other",
304: "Not Modified",
305: "Use Proxy",
306: "Reserved",
307: "Temporary Redirect",
308: "Permanent Redirect",
400: "Bad Request",
401: "Unauthorized",
402: "Payment Required",
403: "Forbidden",
404: "Not Found",
405: "Method Not Allowed",
406: "Not Acceptable",
407: "Proxy Authentication Required",
408: "Request Timeout",
409: "Conflict",
410: "Gone",
411: "Length Required",
412: "Precondition Failed",
413: "Request Entity Too Large",
414: "Request-URI Too Long",
415: "Unsupported Media Type",
416: "Requested Range Not Satisfiable",
417: "Expectation Failed",
422: "Unprocessable Entity",
423: "Locked",
424: "Failed Dependency",
425: "Unassigned",
426: "Upgrade Required",
427: "Unassigned",
428: "Precondition Required",
429: "Too Many Requests",
430: "Unassigned",
431: "Request Header Fields Too Large",
500: "Internal Server Error",
501: "Not Implemented",
502: "Bad Gateway",
503: "Service Unavailable",
504: "Gateway Timeout",
505: "HTTP Version Not Supported",
506: "Variant Also Negotiates (Experimental)",
507: "Insufficient Storage",
508: "Loop Detected",
509: "Unassigned",
510: "Not Extended",
511: "Network Authentication Required"
};
var
oReq, bIsLoading = false, bUpdateURL = false;
oLoadingBox.id = "ajax-loader";
oCover.onclick = abortReq;
oLoadingImg.src = "data:image/gif;base64,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";
oCover.appendChild(oLoadingImg);
oLoadingBox.appendChild(oCover);
onpopstate = function (oEvent) {
bUpdateURL = false;
oPageInfo.title = oEvent.state.title;
oPageInfo.url = oEvent.state.url;
getPage();
};
window.addEventListener ? addEventListener("load", init, false) : window.attachEvent ? attachEvent("onload", init) : (onload = init);
// Public methods
this.open = requestPage;
this.stop = abortReq;
this.rebuildLinks = init;
})();
```
> **Note :** [`const`](/en/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const) (instruction de constante) **ne fait pas partie de ECMAScript 5**. Il est supporté dans Firefox et Chrome (V8) et partiellement supporté dans Opera 9+ et Safari. **Il n'est pas supporté dans Internet Explorer 6-9, ou dans la version de prévisualisation de Internet Explorer 10**. [`const`](/en/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const) sera défini par ECMAScript 6, mais avec une sémantique différente. Proches des variables déclarées avec l'instruction [`let`](/en/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/let), les constantes déclarées avec [`const`](/en/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const) seront limitées en portée. **Nous ne l'avons utilisé que pour des raisons pédagogiques, si vous souhaitez une compatibilité maximale de ce code, merci de remplacer les références à** **[`const`](/en/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/const) par des instructions [`var`](/en/JavaScript/Reference/Statements/var).**
Pour plus d'informations, voyez : [Manipuler l'historique du navigateur](/fr/docs/DOM/manipuler_lhistorique_du_navigateur).
## Lire également
- {{ domxref("window.history") }}
- {{ domxref("window.onpopstate") }}
|
